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RYDER— SACHER-MASOCH.

vicarage of St. Peter^ Boumemonth. In 1881 he obtained the rectory of Middleham, Bedale, Yorkshire.

RYDER, Ths Rev. Hbnbt Igna- tius DuDLBT, born Jan. 12, 1837, in London, was educated at the Oratory, Edgbaston, Birmingham ; ioined the Oratory of St. Philip r^eri, Birmingham, in 1856, and was ordained priest in 1863. Father Ryder is the author of three pamph- lets in controversy with Dr. Waid, on the subject matter and forms of Ecclesiastical Infallibility, 1867-8 ; "A Critique on Mr. Ffoulkes' Letter on the 'Filioque and the False Decretals,"* 1869; some thir- teen articles in the Dublin Review^ Month, and Catholic World, 1870-8 j " Ritualism, Roman Catholicism, and Converts," a reply to Dr. Lit- tledale in the Contemporary Review, February, 1879; "Catholic Con- troversy," an answer to Dr. Little- dale's "Plain Reasons," 2nd edit. 1881; and "Poems, Original and Translated," Dublin, 1882.

S.

SACHER-MASOCH (Cheva- lisr), Leopold von, novelist, born at Lemberg, the capital of Austrian Poland, Jan. 27, 1836, is the son of an aulic councillor and police-director of Galicia. Having received a preliminary training at home he passed through the Normal School and the Oymnasiiun of his native city, studied philosophy at Gratz and Prague, obtained his doctor's degree at the age of 19, and two years later became a private teacher of history in the University of Gratz. In 1857 he published his historical account of "The Insur- rection in Ghent under Charles V." (Der Aufstand in Gent unter Karl V.) ; and in 1866 his first novel, " A Galician Story " (Eine galizische Geschichte). His literary success led him to abandon in 1869 the pro- fession of a teacher. His series of novels entitled " Cain's Inheritance "

I (1870) — of which two instalments. I "Love" (Die Liebe), and "Pro- I perty" (Das Eigenthum), have aJ- I ready appeared, and four others, " The State," " War," " Work," and " Death," are in contemplation — was translated into sevenJ Euro- pean languages, and obtained for the author a more than European reputation. In 1870 he married Aurora von ROmelin (who published several romances under the pseu- donym of Wanda von Dunajew); and he now resides in Buda-Pesth. His principal works^ in addition to those named above, are>"The Di- vorced Wife" (Die geechiedene Frau), a novel, 1870 ; " The Republic of Woman-haters" (Die Republik der Weiberfeinde), a novel, 1872 ; "Maria Theresa and the Freema- sons" (Maria Theresia und die Freimaurer), an historical romance, 1872; "False Ermine" (Falscher Hermelin), 1878; "Stories of the Stage" (Geschiohten aus der BUhn- enwelt), 1873; "Russian Court Stories" (Rus^sche Hofgeschich- ten), 1873; "The Modern Job" (Der neue Hiob), a novel, 1874; " The Ideals of our Time," a novel. 1875; "Galician Stories" (Gali- zische Geschichten), 1875 ; " Vienna Court Stories" (Wiener Hof ges- chichten), 1876 ; " Le cabinet noir de Lembei^," a novel, which ap- peared in French, 1880; "L'Hau/* another novel in the same lan- guage, 1880 ; besides several dramas and comedies. Saoher-Masoch is an especial favourite with the French; and since 1871 no fewer than fourteen of his novels have appeared in the Rewu de$ Deiu Mondet. Al{hough he writes in the German language, he is very anti- German in opinion. He i^holds the Austrian Court and opposes the Polish nobles. His books are chiefly on Galician life, and especially on the rising of 1846. His first at- tempts in writing novels and dramas were made when he was but ten years old. In 1881 he founded a monthly review. Upon the Summit