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luent and Interpretation of Bead Languages," 1863, being a reply to the late Sir G. C. Lewis's attacks on Champollion and other deci- pherers of ancient inscriptions; " A few words on the supposed Latin Origin of the Arabic Version of the Gospels/' 1863 ; " University Education for English Catholics. A Letter to the Very Rev. Dr. Newman, by a Catholic Layman," 1861 ; " Miscellaneous Notes on Egyptian PhUology," 1866 j ''The Condemnation of Pope Honorius," 1868, a work furiously attacked by the Boman Catholic press and placed on the Index ; " The Case of Pope Honorius reconsidered, with reference to recent Apologies," 1869 ; " Note on Egyptian Preposi- tions," 187 A; "An Elementary Manual of the Egyptian Language," 1875 ; and " Lectiu-es on the Origin and Growth of Eeligion as illus- trated by the Keligion of Ancient Egypt/' 1880, being the Hibbert Lectures delivered in the previous year.
 * Sir Cf. C. Lewis on the Decipher-

REUTER, Baron Paul Julius, was born at Cassel, in 1818. He was connected with the Electric Telegraph system from its earliest establishment. The practical work- ing of the telegraph, in 1849, be- tween Aix-la-Chapelle and Berlin — the first section opened to the public — convinced him that a new era in correspondence had arisen, and in the former town he estab- lished the first centre of an organi- sation for collecting and transmit- ting telegraphic news. As the various telegraph lines were opened in succession, they were made sub- servient to his system ; and when the cable between Calais and Dover was laid in 1851, Mr. Renter, who had become a naturalised British subject, transferred his chief office to London. Previously to the open- ing of his office, the leading London papers had furnished the public with scanty and incomplete intelli- gence, which was reproduced by the

rest of the Press, and Mr. Renter, to remedy this defect, established agencies in all parts of the world, to supply him with news, since which time tiie British Press has contained a daily record of the latest impor- tant events connected with politics, commerce, and science. The system he adopted of supplying all the papers indiscriminately with the same intelligence has greatly con- tributed to the important develop- ment of the penny press. A similar organisation has been inaugurated , by Mr. Renter in America, India, I China, Australia, and all the Con- tinental States. It was only by the united contributions of the several branches that the extensive staff of correspondents and the great ex- penses necessarily incidental to the work could be supported, the richest Press of any single country being insufficient to render such an undertaking possible. During the Franco-Austrian war, and during the civil war in America, Mr. ! Renter was fortunate in being the first to publish the most important ' news, thereby gaining the confi- ! dence of the nation and the press I — a confidence which he has main- ' tained by his constant activity. In I 1865, Mj. Renter transferred his I business to a Limited Liability Company, of which he is the manager, and in the same year he obtained from the Hanoverian Go- vernment a concession for the con- struction of a submarine telegraph line between England and Germany, which enabled a through telegraphic communication to be made direct between London and the principal towns of Germany. Mr. Renter also obtained a concession from the French Government for the con- struction and laying of a cable between France and the United States, which was laid in 1869, and which is worked in conjunction with the Anglo-American Telegraph Company. In 1871, the Duke of Coburg Gotha, in recog^tion of his public services, conferred on him