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 HOHENLOHE-SCHILLINGSPURST.

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in 1869 wafi one of the delegates from the British GoYemment to tiie Great Exhibition at St. Petersburg, when he received from the Emperor Alexander 11. the presentation of a malachite table. Dr. Hogg is a Fellow of the Linnsean Society ; a member of the Council and Vice- President of the Eoyal Horticidtural Society; and is associated with several other scientific societies at home and abroad, both as an hono- nry and a corresponding member. He is author of "A Hand-book of Hardy Annuals/' 1887; "Manual of Fruits/' 1848; "British Pomo- logy," which has been translated into German, 1851; "The Dahlia/' 1826; "The Vegetable Kingdom and its Products," 1868; "The Fruit Manual," which has passed through four large editions since 1860 ; " The Gardeners' Year Book," published annually ; " The Wild Flowers of Great Britain ; " and other works. Dr. Hogg is editor and proprietor of the Journal of Horticulture, foimded in 1848.

H OH E N L O H E-SCHILLINGS- FUBST, Clodwio Cabl Victor, Pbincb op, born at Rothenburg, March 31, 1819, is the second son of Francis Joseph, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst (of the line of Waldenburg). On the death of his father in 1841, Clodwig had just begun his judicial and historical studies in the U niversity of GSttin- gen. A year later, after having passed his examination with dis- tinction, he took a subordinate position in th^ public service as AusciQtator in the Office of Justice at Ehrenbreitstein. He next be- came Referendary of the Govern- ment at Potsdam. While working thus diligently at his post in Prus- sia, the Landgrave of Hessen- I^einf els-Rothenburg died, and the princely family of Hohenlohe suc- ceeded to a rich inheritance, in- cluding the lordships of Batibor and Corvey. The event, however, did not alter Clodwig's i)osition. His elder brother took the domains

of Ratibor and Corvey, to which the King of Prussia, William IV., added the title of Duke. In 18i5, on the death of his brother, Philip Ernest, Clodwig succeeded, with the consent of his elder brother, to the old family seat of Schillings- furst, and, forsaking the Prussian service, took up his permanent resi- dence in Bavaria. Thus at twenty- seven years of age he became an hereditary member of the Bavarian parliament. The ministry, mean- while, in Frankfort, sent him as ambassador to Athens, Florence, and Rome. In 1849 he returned to Frankfort. " Having married the Princess of Sayn-Witgenstein, by whom he has a numerous family, he retired for some ten years into private life, paying freauent visits to England, France, and Italy. In 1860 the prince again entered on parliamentary life, and favoured throughout an alliance with Prus- sia. Towards the end of 1866 the youthful king requested Hohenlohe to prepare and lay before him a programme of the principles which were to serve eventually as a minis- terial policy. Prince Hohenlohe fulfilled his commission to the satis- faction of the king, and on Jan. 1, 1867, succeeded Pfordten as Bava- rian minister. The whole of Ger- many at last adopted the Hohen- lohe programme. In 1868 and 1869, Prince Hohenlohe was elected Vice- president of the Customs Parlia- ment of the German Federation. In his capacity as Foreign Minister of Bavaria, he issued nis famous circular of April 9, 1869, directing the attention of the European cabi- nets to the serious consequences likely to arise from the decrees of the (Ecumenical Council of the Vatican. Hoping to get the Pope to withdraw his political opposition, and viewing mere religious innova- tions with extreme indifference, the Prussian Government slighted the warnings of the Bavarian minister, and refused to take action against the contemplated decrees. In con- Vj005L