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 HAYES.

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VEKB, M.D., born at Westfield, Massachusetts, Sept. 7, 1829. He graduated at the Albany Medical School in 1853, and soon after explored the "Bad Lands/' in Dakotah Territory, where he dis- covered a remarkable deposit of ex- tinct animals, and made a large and valuable collection of fossil vertebrates. In the spring of 1854, he ascended the Missouri river almost to its source, returning in 1856 with another large collection of fossils, and was appointed Geologist on the staff of Lieut. Warren, who was engaged in making a reconnais- sance of Qie North-west. In 1861 he entered the army as a medical officer, remaining in the field till the close of the war. In 1865 he was appointed Professor of G-eology and Mineralogy in the University of Pennsylvania. In 1866 he made another expedition to the Upper Missouri, in behalf of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, making numerous collec- tions of fossils. In 1867 the United States Geological and (Geographical Survey of the Territories was com- menced under his charge, for which Congress had made appropriations, increasing each successive year. In 1872 he resigned his professorship in order to devote himself exclusively to the survey. During the last twenty-five years his scientific ex- plorations have extended over a great part of the States of Elansas, Nebraska, and Colorado, and the ter- ritories of Dakotah, Montana, Idaho, Utah, and New Mexico. The reports of his surveys are among the most valuable of the Government publi- cations.

HAYES, Rutherford Birchard, lilj.D., nineteenth President of the "United States, born at Delaware, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1822. A.B. (Kenyon College), 1842. His parents emi- grated from New England; and His father dying, he was adopted by a maternal uncle, from whom he ultimately received a considerable fortune. He weis admitted to the "bar at Marietta, Ohio, in 18do, and

entered upon practice first at Fremont, Ohio, and subsequently at Cincinnati. The civil war hav- ing broken out, he was in June, 1861, made major of a regiment of Ohio volunteers. His regiment was ordered to service in Western Virginia, was subsequently joined to the army of the Potomac imder General McCleUan, and took part in the operations pertaining to the Confederate invasion of Maryland, in Sept., 1862. At the engagement of South Mountain, just before the battle of Antietam, Major Hayes was severely woimded. Having recovered from his wound, he was in Nov., 1862, made Colonel of his regiment, which was subsequently on duty in Ohio and elsewhere. He was later made Brigadier-Ceneral, and afterwards Major-General of volunteers. In June, 1865, he resigned his commission, having been elected a Eepresentative in Congress fo'om Ohio, taking his seat in December, 1865. He was re- elected for the following term, but resigned in 1867, having been elected Gk)vemor of Ohio, to which office he was re-elected in 1869, and again in 1875. His repeated success in Ohio induced the Bepublican National Convention in 1876 to nominate him for the presidency as a compromise candidate between Mr. Blaine on the one hand and Mr. Conkling on the other. When the election had taken place, it seemed certain that, of the 369 electoral votes, 184 would be cast for Mr. Tilden, the Democratic candidate, being one less than a majority j 172 were equally sure for Mr. Hayes ; but there were thirteen electors, in respect to whose elec- tion there were grave questions in dispute. Of these, eight were from Louisiana, four from Florida, and one from Oregon, from which States there were two sets of electors, each claiming to have been duly chosen. If only one of these votes should be counted for Mr. Tilden he would hare a majority, and would cense-

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