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 HAWKSHAW.

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(with Serjeant Byles) for Sir John Dean Paul, in 1855 ; and (with Mr. Edwin James) for Simon Ber- nard, who was tried as accessory to the conspiracy against the life of the Emperor Napoleon, in 1858. After he became a Queen's Counsel he was engaged in nearly every im- portant case that came before the Superior Courts. He was associated with the late Lord Chief Justice Bovill in the great Boupell cases against the claims advanced upon the evidence of Mr. Boupell. In the famous convent case, " Saurin V. Star," tried in 1869, Mr. Hawkins led for the defence; and he was leading counsel for Mr. W. H. Smith, whose seat for Westminster he suc- cessfully defended before Mr. Baron Martin. He was associated with the present Lord Coleridge in the first Tichbome trial, when he par- ticularly distinguished himself by his exhaustive cross-examination of Mr. Baigent. In the prosecu- tion of the Claimant for perjury, Mr. Hawkins led for the Crown, and the skiU he displayed in this trial — ^the most protracted and the most remarkable in the annals of jurisprudence — greatly increased his reputation as an advocate. In the Probate Court Mr. Hawkins led the case in support of the will of the late Lord St. Leonards, which he established both before the Ju4ge Ordinary and the Court of Appeal. The Gladstone and the Von Reable cases were among his victories in the Divorce Court. Mr. Hawkins was counsel in numerous election petitions ; was engaged for many years in every important compensation case; acted for the Crown in the purchase of lands for the National Defences, and for the Royal Commissioners in the pur- chase of the site for the new Law Courts ; and was Standing Counsel for, and held the general retainer of, the Jockey Club. He was ap- pointed a Judge of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division) Nov. 3, 1876, and transferred to

the Exchequer division, when he received the honour of knight- hood.

HAWKSHAW, Sib John, F.E.S., F.G.S., son of the late Mr. Henry Hawkshaw, of Leeds, by Sarah, daughter of Mr. Carrington, of Hampsthwaite, Yorkshire, was born at Leeds in 1811, and received his education in the grammar school of that town. He was, on leaving school, placed as a pupil with Mr. Charles Fowler, who was at that time chiefly engaged in the con- struction of turnpike roads in the West Biding of Yorkshire; and subsequently he became an assist- ant to the celebrated engineer Mr. Alexander Nimmo, who was con- structing several important works for the Government in Ireland. In 1831 Mr. Nimmo died, and, at the early age of 20, Mr. Hawkshaw was engaged to undertake the manage- ment of the Bolivar Copper Mines in South America. He returned to England in 1834. He now became engineer to the Manchester and Bolton Canal and Railway. After- wards he was engineer to the Lan- cashire and Yorkshire Railway (nearly the whole of which he con- structed) and to several railways in the Noribh and in other parts of England. Mr. Hawkshaw was nomi- nated one of the Metropolitan Com- missioners of Sewers, when that body was formed by the Crown, and in 1860 he was appointed Royal Commissioner to decide between rival schemes for the water supply to the city of Dublin. On the fail- ure of the great sluice at St. Ger- mains, in Norfolk, in 1862, he was requested by the Commissioners of the Middle Level to take measures to stop the inundations and to remedy the evil caused by that disaster, which he did successfully, and there for the first time he sub- stituted large syphons for the fallen sluice. In the following year, on a vacancy occurring in the represen- tation of Andover, he became a candidate for that borough, but