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ENFIELD— ERCKMANN-CHATRIAN.

them may be named " Christine/' 1857; "La Vierge du Libau/' 1858; "L* Amour en Voyage/' and "Un Amour en Laponie, 1861 ; *' Stel- la/' 1863; "En Province/' and "Olga/' 1864; "Irfene/' "Un Marmge Impromptu/' " Deux ViUea Mortes/' 1865 ; "Un Drame Intime/' 1866; "Le Boman d'une Veuve/' 1867; "Frantz MuUer, Axel, le Kouet d'Or/' tales, 1868 ; "Le Secret de la Confession," 1870; and "La Vie k Deux," 1874. He has translated for the Pays, Mrs. Stowe's " Uncle Tom ; " " Werther/' in 1855 ; and has edited the " Me- moirs and Correspondence of Ma- dame d'Epinay." M. Enault was decorated with the Cross of the Legion of Honour, Aug. 13, 1861.

ENFIELD (Viscount), the courtesy title borne by the Bight Hon. George Henry Charles Byng, Lord Strafford. He is the son and heir of the Bight Hon. George Stevens Byng, second Earl of Straf- ford, and was born in London in 1830. He received his education at Eton and at Oxford. He repre- sented Tavistock in the Liberal interest from 1862 till Sept. 1857, and sat for Middlesex from the latter date till Jan. 1874, when he was summoned to the House of Peers in his father's barony. In 1855 he was attached to Earl Bus- sell's special mission to Vienna. He was Parliamentary Secretary to the Poor Law Board from 1865 till July, 1866. In Dec. 1870, he was appointed Under - Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and in Sept. 1880, Under-Secretary of State for India. The latter office he resigned in Dec. 1882. The appointment of Lord Kimberley as Secretary of State rendered this step necessary in order that one of the political offices connected with the home administration of India might be represented in the House of Com- mons. Viscount Enffeld was suc- ceeded by Mr. J. E. Cross in the office of Under-Secretary.

EBCKMANN-CHATBIAN, the

compound name of two French novelists, who have always written in collaboration with each other, and whose names are as indissolubly united as those of our, own Beau- mont and Fletcher. Emile Erck- mann was born at Phalsbourg in the department of the Meurthe, May 20, 1822. He was the son of a bookseller, and after studying by fits and starts in the college of his native town, he proceeded to Paris to study law, but never prac- tised that profession. He resolved to earn a living with his pen, and accordingly commenced a series of works of fiction in conjunction with M. Alexandre Chatrian, who was bom in the hamlet of Soldatenthal in the commune of Abreschwiller, in the department of the Meurtiie, Dec. 18, 1826, and who was an usher in the college at Phalsbourg^ when M. Erckmann made his ac- quaintance in 184)7. From that time the two friends composed numerous tales, all signed "Erck- mann-Chatrian," and characterized by such unity of composition, that no one doubted they were the pro- duction of a single individual. At first they contributed feuilletonsj which attracted little attention, tc provincial journals, and wrote some dramatic pieces, which were fail- ures. They at length despaired oi being able to g^in a subsistence bj their literary efforts, and accord- ingly M. Erckmann returned to hit law books, while M. Chatrian ob- tained a situation in the offices oi the Eastern Bailway Company. II was not until 1859 that the publica- tion of "L'lllustre Docteur Ma- th^us" gave a certain amount oi popularity to the name of Eick- mann-Chatrian. Since then theii reputation as writers of romancec luu3 been constantly and steadilj increasing in consequence of s series of works oontaming faithfuj and graphic narratives of the man- ners and customs of Germany, and of the glories and military reverses of the Bevolution and the Firsl