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 CUVILIER-FLEUBY— CZACKI.

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Thomas Newnham^ of Sonth- borough^ Kent, and grandson of the first Lord Brownlow, and he was bom in Feb. 1828. He was edu- cated at Brasenoee College, Oxford^ where he took his bachelor's degree in Easter Term^ 1850, and was afterwards Fellow of All Souls', where he graduated M.A. in 1854. He was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Oxford (Dr. Wilberforce) in 1851, and was admitted into priest's orders by the Bishop of Itochester (Dr. Murray) in the fol- lowing year. He was successirely curate of Northchurch, Hertford- shire, and rector of Cheddington, Bucldnghamshire, from 1853 to 1862, when he was appointed vicar of St. Mary's, Reading. He was subsequently appointed £ural Dean of Beading, and succeeded the Yen. Edward Bickersteth in the Vicarage of Aylesbury, in 1875, but resigned that living in the following year, on being made Archdeacon of Buckingham. He was also ap- pointed an Honorary Canon of Christ Church in 1874. In Feb., 1880, he was nominated by the Crown, on the recommendation of Lord Beaconsfield, to the Deanery of York, vacant by the death of the Hon. Augustus Dimcombe. He married in 1854 Lady Emma Bess Bligh, younger daughter of the late, and sister of the present. Earl of Damley.

CUVILIEB-PLEUBY, Alfbei>- AxrausTB, author, born in 1802, studied at the College of Louis-le- €hrand, and obtained the prize of honour for rhetoric in 1819. For ten years he was secretary to Louis Bonaparte, Xing of Holland, whose exile he shared at Bome and Florence, and upon his return to France was appointed director of studies at the CoU^e of Sainte- Barbe. In 1827 Louis-Philippe intrusted to him the education of the young Due d'Aumale. In 1834 he commenced writing for the Journal des D^hats, maintaining the cause of the monarchy of July ;

was created officer of the Legion of Honour, April 29, 1846; and unsuc*- cessfully presented himself for the suffrages of the electors of Gu^ret in 1846. The revolution of Feb., 1848, and subsequent events, did not change his opinions, and he remained one of the principal editors of the DSbats until 1860. A number of his articles have been collected under the following titles : — *' Portraits Politiques et E^volutionnaires," published in 1851; "Etudes Histo- riques et Litt^raires," in 1854 ; "Nouvelles fitudes," in 1855; " Voyages et Voyageurs," in 1854-6 ; " Demi^res Etudes Historiques et Litt^raires," in 1859 ; " Histbriens, Pontes, et Romanciers," in 1863; "ifetudes et Portraits," 2 vols., 1865-68 ; and "Posthumes et Reve- nants," 1879. He was elected a member of the French Academy in 1866.

CZACKI, His Eminence Vladi- MiB, Cardinal-Priest of the Holy Boman Church, was born in 1834. He is by birth a Pole, though of Hungarian org^, and is of a noble family. He is a nephew of the Princess Odescalchi, and heir to her gteait estates ; in her palace at Bome he has passed a great part of his life. His brother, who married a Princess Sapieha, is a wealthy landowner in the Ukraine, and he is connected with such great fami- lies as those of Branicki, Potocki, and BadziwiU. At a very early age he was taken to Bome. From his earliest childhood his health was feeble, and an accident in his youth left him slightly lame. Not until the close of Pius IX.'s long reign did the young prelate begin to come into public notice at the Boman Court. When Cardinal Antonelli divided the Secretary of State's department into two great branches he gave the " ecclesi^ical affairs " into the charge of Mgr. Czacki, who soon came to be known as one of the ablest diplomatists at the Vatican, and as a man of wide literary culture and attainments.