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CHASSBPOT— CHEETHAM.

Philippb -Louis - Eug^nb - Ferdi- nand d'Orl^nb, younger son of the late Duke of Orleans, and grandson of the late Louis Philippe, was born at Paris, Nov. 9, 1840. When only two years old he lost his father, and six years later the Revolution drove him into exile. The young duke was carefully brought up at Eisenach in Ger- many, and afterwards joined his family in England. He served in the Federal army in the first cam- paign of the American civil war in 1862. He married, June 11, 1863, Fran9oise-Marie- Am^lie of Orleans, eldest daughter of the Prince de Joinville, and has issue a daughter, bom Jan. 13, 1865, and two sons, bom respectively Jan 11, 1866, and Oct. 16, 1867. After the Revolu- tion of Sept. 4, 1870, he returned incognito to France, and served in General Ohanzy's army under an assumed name ; and in 1871, when the National Assembly had revoked the law of banishment against the Orleans family, he was appointed a Major, and permitted to serve without pay in the French army. In 1883 his name was struck off the active list of the army by a decree of the Republican Government. He was at once removed from the com- mand of the 12th Chasseurs and was peremptorily ordered to quit Rouen, at which city that regiment was stationed, within twelve hours (Feb. 25).

CHASSEPOT, Antoinb Al- PHONSE, a French inventor, born March 4, 1833, the son of a working gunsmith, to which trade he was himself brought up. Entering the Government workshops, he was attached in 1858 to that of St. Thomas, at Paris, as Controller of the second class ; attained the rank of Controller of the first class in 1861, and that of Principal in 1864. The result of his study of the mechanism of small arms, especially of the famous Prussian needle-gun, was the invention of the Chassepot rifle, which was adopted by the

French army; and, according to the official accounts, "did wonders" against the Gkiribaldians at Men- tfma. M. Chassepot was afterwards officially attached to the national manufactory of arms at Ch4tel- lerault, near Poitiers. He took out patents for his invention, and the royalty he received on the rifles manufactured brought him in a large income. He was deco- rated with the Legion of Honour in 1866.

CHATARD, The Right Rev. Fbancis Silas, Bishop of Vin- cennes, U.S., born in Baltimore in 1835, received his early education at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmetsburg, Maryland, and sub- sequently studied medicine at the University of Maryland, where he graduated in 1856. He commenced practice as a physician in Balti- more ; but at the end of a year he felt himself strongly drawn to the ecclesiastical state, and went to Rome, where he entered as a student in the College of the Propaganda. He was ordained and took his degree in Divinity in 1862. His character was thought .so highly of by his superiors that Pope Pius IX. appointed him Vice-Rector of the American College, which had then been about two years in existence. When the Rector, the Rev. W. McCloskey, was appointed to the bishopric of Louisville,Mgr. Chatard succeeded to the Rectorship of the College, which he filled with much distinction down to 1878, when he was appointed by his Holiness Pope Leo XIII. to the bishopric of Vin- cennes, Indiana, United States, in the Consistory held on March 28.

CHATRIAN. (See Ebckvann- ChatbianA

CHEETHAM, The Right Rev. Henbt, D.D., born at Nottingham, April 27> 1827, was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge (B.A. 1856, M.A. 1859). He was ordained in 1856 to the curacy of Saffron Walden, Essex, and in 1858 pre- sented to the vicarage of Quamdan,