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 St. John's House Training Institution for Nurses, and of the Council of the Nightingale Fund. He is also (1882) Hon. Secretary of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He is the author of some important surgical works on the eye, "Lectures on the Parts concerned in the Operations of the Eye," "Observations on Artificial Pupil," and of "The Physiological Anatomy and Physiology of Man" (the latter in conjunction with the late Dr. Todd), as well as of papers in the Philosophical Transactions, and "The Cyclopædia of Anatomy."

BOWRING,, C.B., a younger son of the late Sir John Bowring, born in 1826, and educated at University College, London; entered the civil service in the Board of Trade in 1841, and filled in succession the post of private secretary to the Earl of Clarendon, to Earl Granville, and to Lord Stanley of Alderley. He was appointed Précis Writer and Librarian to that department in 1850, and Registrar in 1853, but retired from the service on the abolition of his office at the end of 1863. He acted as Secretary to the Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition of 1851, and held that appointment until his election as M.P. for Exeter at the general election of 1868. His services were so highly appreciated by the late Prince Consort, the President of the Commission, that, immediately after H.R.H.'s decease, her Majesty was pleased to nominate Mr. Bowring a Companion of the Order of the Bath, civil division. Mr. Bowring lost his seat for Exeter at the general election of Feb. 1874. He is the author of an English poetical version of "The Book of Psalms," English versions of the poetical works of Schiller, Goethe, and Heine, and (jointly with Lord Hobart) of a reply to the "Sophisms of Free Trade," by Mr. Justice Byles. Besides having been a frequent contributor to periodical literature, he is understood to have translated two small volumes of German hymns, selected by the Queen, and privately printed for her Majesty's use, one volume on the death of the Duchess of Kent, and the other on that of Prince Albert.

BOYD,, D.D., born at Auchinleck, in Ayrshire, of which parish his father was incumbent, Nov., 1825, was educated at King's College, London, and at the University of Glasgow, where he obtained the highest academic honours in philosophy and theology, and was author of several prize essays. He was ordained in 1851, and was incumbent successively of the parishes of Newton-on-Ayr, Kirkpatrick-Irongray, in Galloway, St. Bernard's, Edinburgh, and of the University city of St. Andrew's, which he still holds. He first became known as a writer, by papers which appeared in Fraser's Magazine, under the signature of A.K.H.B. Of these, the most important have been reprinted in a substantive shape, under the titles of "The Recreations of a Country Parson" (first and second series); "Leisure Hours in Town, being Essays, Consolatory, Æsthetical, Moral, Social, and Domestic;" "The Commonplace Philosopher in Town and Country," and "The Autumn Holidays of a Country Parson." Dr. Boyd, who is also the author of several volumes of sermons, under the title of "The Graver Thoughts of a Country Parson," and "Counsel and Comfort spoken from a City Pulpit," "Present-day Thoughts: Memorials of St. Andrew's Sundays," 1870; "Landscapes, Churches, and Moralities," 1874; received the degree of D.D. from the University of Edinburgh in 1864.

BOYD,, D.D., born at Londonderry in 1803, was educated at the Diocesan College in that city, and at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A. 1823; M.A. 1834; B.D.and D.D. 1868). He was curate of the cathedral of Derry 