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TITCOMB—TODLEBfiK.

50,000, Mr. Tilden now was chosen by a majority nearly as large. In 1H7G he was the Democratic candi- date for the Presidency, receiving a large majority of all the popular votes cast. But when the electoral vote came to be finally counted, it was adjudged that Mr. Hayes, the Republican candidate, hbd a majo- rity of one over Mr. Tilden, and so became President. For the details of this election, see the article " IIatks, Rutherford B."

TITCOMB, The Right Rev. Jonathan Holt, D.D., born in London in 1S19, and educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge (B.A. 1811 ; M.A, 1H15; D.D., honorU causd, 1877), was vicar of St. Andrew-the- I^ss, Cambridge, 1845-59; secre- tary to the Christian Vernacular Education Society for India, 1859-61 ; vicar of St. Stephen's, South Lambeth, 1861-76 ; and hono- rary canon of Winchester and vicar of Woking, Surrey, 1876-77. Having been appointed by the Crown to the bishopric of Rangoon, in British Burmah, he was conse- crated in Westminster Abbey, Dec. 21, 1 877. He resigned his bishopric at the beginning of the year 1882.

TODHUNTEB, Isaac, M.A., F.R.S., son of a dissenting minister, of Scotch extraction, born at Rye, in 1820, after studying at Univer- sity College, London, went as tutor in a school at Wimbledon, in order to obtain funds to defray the ex- penses of a three years* residence at Cambridge, and then entered at St. John's College, in that univer- sity, where he graduated B.A. in 1848, as Senior Wrangler. He became Fellow, AssistsSit Tutor, and Principal Mathematical Lec- turer of his College, and has written treatises on "The Differential Calculus," " Analytical Stetics," "Integral Calculus," "Algebra," " Plane Trigonometiy," " Spherical Trigonomefiy," "History of Pro- gress of Calculus of variations during the Nineteenth Century/'
 * Plane Co-ordinate Geometry,"

published in 1861 ; "Trigonometry for Beginners," "Mensuration for Beginners," 1869 ; " Researches on the Calculus of Variations," 1872, an essay which gained the Adams Prize in the University of Cam- bridge for 1871 ; and " A History of the Mathematical Theories of Attraction and the Figure of the Earth, from the time of Newton to that of Laplace," 2 vols., 1873.

TODLEBEN, Gen. Francis Edward, son of a shopkeeper, was bom at Mitau, in Courland, May 8, 1818. After studying in the schools \ of Riga, he was admitted into the \ College of Engineers at St. Peters- burg, and served with the forces despatched to attempt the reduc- tion of the Circassians in 1848. When the Russian war broke out, in 1854, he was second captain in the corps of engineers destined for service In the field, and having dis- tinguished himself under Gem. Schilders, in the campaign of the Danube, proceeded to the Crimea. Although Sebastopol was compara- tively an open city, he succeeded, under the continuous fire of the enemy, in converting it into a for- tress, which resisted for more than a year the efforts of the allied armies. Within twelve montiis he passed successively through the grades of captain, lieut.-coloneI, ad jut. -colonel, major-general, and ad jut. -general ; and received, among other distinctions, the decoration of the fourth, and of the third class of the Order of St. George, which is conferred only for brilliant deeds, and upon the proposal of the Chapter of the Knights of the Order. During this memorable siege he was wounded in the foot, and compelled to retire. He was intrusted by the emperor with the defence of Nicolaieff, threatened by the allies ; and afterwards sent to protect Cronstadt. For many years after the peace of 1856 he had no active employment, but devoted himself to scientific and literary studies. He wrote a " Nanative of