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and Places, or Etymological Illus- trations of History, Ethnology, and Geography/* 5th edit. 1864 j "The Family Pen, Memorials Biographi- cal and Literary of the Taylor FamUy of Ongar," 2 vols., 1867; " Etruscan Researches," 1874 ; " The Etruscan Language," 1876 : " Greeks and Goths, a Study on the Eunes," 1879; "Ueber den Ursprung des gaglotischen Alphabets" in the " Archiv f fir Slavische Philologie," Berlin, 1881 ; aufi "The Alphabet: an Accoimt of the Origin and De- velopment of Letters," 2 vols. 1888. TCHEENAIEFF, Michael Grbgorovitch, a Eussian general, bom Oct. 24, 1828, entered the Russian military service in 1847, distinguished himself greatly in the Crimean war, and attained the rank of a General of Infantry. On the conclusion of the Crimean war he was first appointed chief of the staff of a division in Poland, and in 1858 he was sent to Orenburg in the capacity of Aide du Chef de la ligne du Syr Dariar. In 1859 he com- manded an expedition on Lake Aral, to support the Khirgiss tribes, at war with the Khivans. After a period of service as quartermaster-

general of the left flank of the line eld by the army of the Caucasus, Tchemaieff for some time acted as chief of the staff of the corps at Orenburg. Next he was placed in command of an expeditionary force consisting of 1000 men, with in- structions to march from Orenburg, through the passes of the moun- tains bounding Siberia on the south, and across the steppes of Turk- estan, and to effect a junction with another detachment under Colonel Verevkin which had set out from Semipalatinsk, in Siberia. The junction occurred in the vicinity of the town of Tchemkend, then occu- pied by the Khokanians. This town Tchemaieff took by assault, and immediately he afterwards unsuc- cessfully attacked (Oct.1864) the im- portant city of Tashkend, some 80 miles south of Tchemkend, and also

in possession of the Khokanians. Having wintered at Tchemkend, he renewed successfully the at- tempt on Tashkend (June 27, 1865). It is said that he had received specific instructions to content him- self with the position of Tchemkend, and to refrain from any further efforts to extend the Eussian domi- nation further southward. Tcher- naiefif disobeyed his orders, took Tashkend, was afterwards received most enthusiastically at St. Peters- burg, and received a sabre of honour from the Emperor in recognition of his military enterprise; but from that date he was not actively em- ployed in the Eussian service. After a time he retired from the army, and passed a legal examina- tion qualifying him to adopt the profession of a notary, when the Emperor J)egged him to re-enter the army. He did so in compliance with the Imperial request, and was reinstated in his rank. After vainly waiting a whole year for active employment, he again retired from the army, and purchased the Ruski Mir, a journal which boldly advo- cated Slav interests, and of which, after he had quitted the military service altogether, in July, 1874, he became the recognised editor. When in 1875 the insurrection in Herzego- vina broke out, he opened a sub- scription in its behalf, and after- wards, in the summer of 1876, he went to Belgrade and took the com- mand-in-chief of the Servian army. The campaign was most disastrous to the Servians, although their army was largely reinforced by Eussian volunteers. Tchemaieff's proclamation of Prince Milan as Kinff of Servia was much censured at the time as a rash and foolish act. Mr. Archibald Forbes, in a memoir, from which most of the above facte have been derived, claims for General Tchemaieff that, after the battle of the 1st of Sept., he, single and unaided, by his force of character effected the prolonga- tion of the imequal struggle for