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1006 cated at Berlin; became chemist to the Royal Asiatic Society in 1838; Lecturer on Chemistry at the Royal Institution in 1841; Honorary Member of the royal Agricultural Society in 1842; Fellow of the Royal Society in 1843; Professor of Chemistry in the East-India Company's Military College at Addiscombe in 1845; and Honorary Professor of Chemistry to the Horticultural Society in 1846. Mr. Solly is the author of "Rural Chemistry," 1843; "Syllabus of Chemistry," 1849; "Jury Report on the Great Exhibition of 1851;" and many scientific memoirs. He has devoted himself specially to chemistry in its applications to agriculture and technology.

SOMERSET, eldest son of the eleventh duke, born Dec. 20, 1804, succeeded to the title as twelfth duke, Aug. 15, 1855. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and as Lord Seymour was one of the members for Totnes, in the Liberal interest, from Feb., 1834, till 1855. His Grace held the office of a Lord of the Treasury from 1835 till 1839, of Secretary to the Board of Control from 1839 till 1841, of Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests from 1840 till 1851, and of Public Works from 1851 till 1852. On the return of Lord Palmerston to power, in 1859, he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, which he resigned on the fall of the Russell ministry in June, 1866. His Grace, who is descended from a common ancestor with the Marquis of Hertford, was at one time a Commissioner of Lunacy, and was made Lord-Lieutenant of Devonshire in 1861. He published in 1871 a work entitled "Christian Theology and Modern Scepticism," in which he attempts to show that the Acts of the Apostles and the Pauline Epistles frequently contradict one another.

SORBY,, LL.D., F.R.S., was born at Woodbourne, near Sheffield, May 10, 1826, and educated at the Sheffield Collegiate School, and by private tutors. He is an honorary LL.D. of Cambridge (1879), and he has been President of the Geological Society. On April 25, 1882, he was elected President of Firth College, Sheffield. He is the author of many separate papers on the microscopical structure of rocks, on the construction and use of the microspectroscope in studying animal and vegetable colouring matters, on a new method of studying the optical characters of minerals, on the physical geography of former geological periods, and on various other subjects connected with geology and the use of the microscope.

SOWERBY,, F.L.S., son of the late Mr. G. B. Sowerby (author of "The Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells"), born in 1812, is well known both as an artist and as a naturalist. He has contributed extensively to the Proceedings of the Zoological and other learned societies, and has written "A Conchological Manual," published in 1839; "Conchological Illustrations," in 1841-45; "Thesaurus Conchyliorum," in 1842-71, a work in progress and near its close, having reached the 40th part; "Popular British Conchology," in 1855; "A Popular Guide to the Aquarium," in 1857; "Illustrated Index of British Shells," in 1859; and other works on natural history. In 1875 he furnished two concluding parts to the "Malacostraca," left unfinished in 1822 by his grandfather and Dr. Leach. His brother, Mr. Henry Sowerby, is the author of "Popular Mineralogy," published in 1850.

SPAIN,. (See )

SPAIN, (See )

SPENCE,, M.A., born in Pall Mall, London, in 1836, was educated at Westminster School