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360 the United States," which was translated into French and German and reprinted in Europe; "The Military Geography of Canada"; "The Origin and Development of Hasty Intrencfements" ; and "An American War College." In these various essays many measures, since adopted by the government, were recommended. He has never identified himself with any political party. His own preference governed in the choice of his profession. Among the powerful aids to his success he names private study, and the sustaining encouragement of his mother, who was a woman of excellent disposition and fine character. The books which have helped him most are military histories and works on the art of war. The first strong impulse to strive for the prizes which he has won came largely from family tradition. With the exception of the war with Mexico, his family has been represented in all the wars of this country from the early colonial wars with France; and the Civil war, which was in progress during his youth, made a strong impression upon his mind and had much to do in leading him to choose the military profession.

General Wagner died at Asheville, North Carolina, June 17, 1905.