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Rh far into the night. He entered Columbia college, from Columbia college grammar school, in the freshman class of 1860, and passed an examination for the sophomore class three months afterward, and was graduated in 1863.

He then had the keen disappointment, after having made every preparation for West Point, of not being able to secure an appointment.

Regarding this period of his life, he says: "When I found, on leaving college, that it was impossible for me to go to West Point and enter the army, a higher ideal of a soldier's life took possession of me. I felt that I wanted to help my time to take its stand, and I decided to enter that profession where I felt that I would be most useful in my day and to my generation. Strange to say I think I was brought into the ministry by reading Carlyle's "Chartism" and "Past and Present." These works dwelt so strongly upon the burning wrongs to be righted in modern civilization, that I felt that the minister of Christ, as the character-builder in a community, was the man best fitted to do this kind of work. This was what determined the choice of my profession. That choice was contrary to the wishes of my parents and relatives; and certainly the circumstances of my own life pointed very clearly to a secular sphere; for quite a prominent position in Wall Street was offered me when I graduated from college."

He entered the General theological seminary in New York city, was graduated from that institution in 1866, having been ordained deacon nearly a yearbefore. He became the assistant to a venerable clergyman, born before the British colonies became independent of England, the Reverend Doctor Andrews. He remained in this parish of Zion Church, Wappinger's Falls, New York, as assistant minister, for ten years and as rector from 1875 to 1882; and during this time the parish became one of the strongest rural parishes in the diocese of New York.

He became rector of Calvary church, New York, in 1882-96, declined election as assistant Bishop of Ohio in 1888, declined election as Bishop of Michigan in 1889, was consecrated first Bishop of Washington in 1896.

In order to reach the people of the slums of New York, he built up a manifold East side work, with the conviction that this class could not be raised unless human nature were treated in its entirety. There was the Galilee Mission and Calvary Chapel for rescue and