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Rh and thirty-nine votes and Charles E. Kimball, one thousand and thirty-five votes, and he served as a member of the committee on Naval Affairs and on Election of President, Vice-President and Representatives in Congress. He was elected as a representative from the seventh district of Massachusetts to the fifty-third Congress in November, 1892, receiving seventeen thousand and two votes, William Everett, Democrat, receiving fourteen thousand three hundred and ninety-one votes and E. P. Greenwood, Prohibitionist, eight hundred and fifty-one. This election made the fourth in consecutive order in which he had been chosen by the voters of his district as representative in congress, and the fifth in which his party had honored him with the nomination. He did not take his seat as representative in the fifty-third Congress, however, as the Republicans of the state, at the meeting of the joint houses of the state legislature, January 17, 1893, named him as their choice for the position of United States senator to succeed Senator Henry L. Dawes, whose term would expire March 3, 1893, and he was elected for the term expiring March 3, 1899. On taking his seat he was given a place in the committees on Civil Service and Retrenchment; Education and Labor; Immigration; and Organization, Conduct and Expenditures of the Executive Departments. In the fifty-fifth Congress he was chairman of the senate committee on Printing, and a member of the committees on Civil Service and Retrenchment and Foreign Relations, Immigration and Railroads. He was reelected to the United States senate in January, 1899, by the unanimous vote of the Republican members of the state legislature, and was again reelected in January, 1905. His present term will expire March 4, 1911.

In the fifty-sixth Congress he was made chairman of the committee on the Philippines and was taken from the committee on Printing and placed on the select committee on Industrial Expositions. He was a delegate-at-large from Massachusetts to the Republican national conventions held at St. Louis, June 16, 1896; at Philadelphia, June 19, 1900, where he was made the permanent chairman; and at Chicago, June 22, 1904, where he was chairman of the committee on Resolutions and wrote the Republican platform setting forth the claims of the party to support. In the senate, as chairman, and later a member, of the committee on Immigration, he strongly favored the restriction of immigration by requiring an educational qualification as a measure to safeguard the elective franchise. He