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 184 Medmval Military Architechire. who had travelled much and possessed a cultivated taste, and was of a truly noble and magnificent disposition. While foremost in works of public usefulness connected with his estates, county, and profession, and careful to drain his lands, rebuild the cottages of his labourers, restore the local churches, and provide lifeboats for his dangerous coast, he, under the sound advice of Mr. Salvin, almost rebuilt the castle, preserving with scrupulous care all that admitted of preservation, and adapting his new work to the period of the first and second Percy, the founders of the later castle. Having thus restored the great fortress of the Border with strict regard to the rules of military architecture, he proceeded, under the advice of Canina, to fit up the interior in the style of an Italian palace. The contrast afforded is certainly extreme, and the attempt on so costly a scale was hardy; but the adaptation of the fittings to the irregular plan of the rooms is so well conceived, the materials employed are so rich, and the execution of the details is so skilful, that it is difficult to regard even so great an incongruity as other than a distinguished success. Much attention has of late years been paid, and by very competent persons, to the history of this castle. Grose gives some particulars, now very valuable ; but this and the castles of Warkworth and Prudhoe have been illustrated by the late Mr. Hartshorne, and are treated of also by him with great success in the Northumberland volume of the Archaeological Institute. More recently, Mr. Tate has handled the subject of Alnwick Castle with both skill and accuracy in his admirable history of the barony of Alnwick. And finally, in the " Life of WiUiam Rufus," Mr. Freeman has touched lightly but very effectively upon the connexion of Alnwick and its lords with Northumbrian history. In the above sketch free use has, to some extent, been made of the above materials ; but the object of the writer has been to treat solely of the fabric of the castle, and that from a military point of view. REFERENCES. 1. Donjon. 2. Innei- Ward. 3. Outer Ward. 4. Terrace. 5. Stable Courts. 6. Kitchen. 7. Estate Offices. 8. Ravine. 9. Ditch. 10. Tower. 11. Inner Gate. 12. Middle Gate. 19. Chapel. 20. State Bedroom. 21. Entrance. 22. Spur Gallery. 23. West Garret. 13. Barbican. 14. Hall. 15. Withdrawing-rooni. J 6. Music-room. 17. Ante-room. 18. Library. Prudhuc Tower. 24. Abbot's Tower. 25. Falconer's Tower. 26. Postern Tower. 27. Constable's Tower. 28. Ravine Tower. 29. Hotspur's Chair. 30. East Garret. 31. W'arder's Towei. 32. Auditor's Tower. 33. Clock Tower. 34 Avener's Tower. 35. Garden.