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 116 Mediceval Military ArchitectiLre in England, Mareschals, who thence took the title of their earldom. Pem- broke Castle, though a ruin, retains much of its ancient magnifi- cence. The hall, gatehouse, curtain wall, and mural towers still remain, and the grand round keep continues to give mass and character to the whole group. The town also was strongly walled, the castle forming part of the circuit. At the other end of the root of the peninsula, on the sea, was the Castle of Tenby, also attached to the earldom, strong in its position, and also, as its remains show, well fortified. The town of Tenby was walled, and still retains a portion of the wall and one of its gates. Near Tenby was Manorbeer, an early castle, though in its present form probably of the date of Henry III. There is no keep, and the hall is vaulted. The gatehouse remains. The ruins show it to have been strong. It is celebrated as the birthplace of Giraldus Cambrensis or de Barri. Carew Castle no doubt represents an early fortress, and hence sprung, as is supposed, the families of Fitz-Gerald and Windsor, and most certainly that of Carew. Lamphey was a castle of the Bishops of St. David's and has an arcaded parapet, a poor imitation of that of Bishop Gower at Swansea ; and Castle Martin was the residence of the Barons Martin. At Nangle was a fortified house of the Sherbornes, and it is very probable that Stackpole Court was preceded by an early castle built by the founder of the family of that name. North of the Haven, that great fiord which gives its distinctive feature to the name of Haverford, is the strong rectangular keep of Haverford-West, the present state of which reflects utter discredit on the county. It was the work probably of Gilbert de Clare early in the twelfth century, and around it, scattered over the whole face of the county, are an unusually great number of small castles and strong houses, built and inhabited by the Norman knights who followed Arnulph and Strongbovv, and whose descendants continued to hold them by military service under the succeeding earls. Such was Upton, the castle of the Malefaunts, of which remain the chapel and the gatehouse ; Dale, placed on the root of the peninsula of St. Ann's Head, belonged to the De Vales ; Narberth was founded by the Perrotts ; Lawhaden was the chief seat of the Bishop of St. David's and the " caput " of the Episcopal Barony (of it there remain a fine gateway and some other buildings) ; Wiston, the castle of Sir Philip Gwys, and afterwards of the Wogans, is mentioned as taken by the Welsh in 1 146 ; Picton is thought to have been founded in the reign of Rufus. Besides these are Wallwyn's Castle, of which only the mound remains ; Castle Byth ; Little Newcastle; Castell Hendre or Henry's Moat; Roche