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 corporations, yet their regulations shew that this has been considered as reasonable. It is not that a person becomes qualified from keeping his commons within the walls of the inns of court or the universities, but living with those of the profession will probably advance him in the knowledge of that profession for which he is a candidate. Again in the civil law; however competent any particular individual may be from extraordinary endowments or the exertion of superior talents, he must first take his degrees at one of our universities, and afterwards continue a year in a state of probation before he can practise. Those regulations that are adapted to the common race of men are the best: it does not follow that all institutions calculated for the ordinary classes are to be prostrated merely because they stand in the way of some few individuals of superior talents. Then the question is whether this is a reasonable bye-law that requires a degree to be taken at one of our universities, which in general is supposed to be conferred as a reward for talents and learning. If indeed this had been a sine qua non, and it had operated as a total exclusion of every other mode of gaining access to the college, it would have been a bad bye-law: but these bye-laws point out other modes of gaining admission into the college. If Dr. Stanger has all those requisites that qualify a person for that high station, any one of the fellows may now propose him; he may apply to the honourable feelings of the college, to the very same tribunal to which this mandamus (if it were granted) would refer him; for in all events he must submit to their examination and determination. In the profession of the church, we find that the bishops insist on having a testimonial of the person to be ordained signed by a certain number of clergymen; and though the bishops themselves may have the power of judging of the fitness of the person to be ordained it was never doubted but that this was one reasonable test of fitness, even before examination: it is a test to regulate their own conduct. So here I think this is a reasonable test. Therefore on this short ground, without entering