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 this peril, and the contamination of a gaol, the discretion of the judge may; and it is fortunate that, in London at least, public munificence, in this as in many other cases, has supplied the want of legislation: the Philanthropic and other similar societies afford a refuge and prospect of amendment for the infant culprit, to them therefore he should be committed.

As the fact of absolute infancy may generally be ascertained by the mere view of the party, and his capacity ascertained by questions propounded by the court, an infant prisoner may, as before stated, be discharged without further trial; not so however in cases of idiotcy, madness, or lunacy, these must be tried by a jury, for they may easily be feigned, and it is therefore by evidence of previous conduct that the question is to be determined, rather than by reference to the prisoner's demeanor in court, which may probably be counterfeit.

If the prisoner be found to be an idiot, he must be discharged of the indictment, and handed over to safe custody, but if he be only lunatic, then other questions arise; first, whether the prisoner is then in a lucid interval, for if he be not, he should not be arraigned at that time; "but the judge in his discretion may discharge the jury of him, and remit him to gaol to be tried after the recovery of his understanding, especially if any doubt appear upon the evidence touching the guilt of the fact, and this in favorem vitæ?; and if there be no colour of evidence to prove him guilty, or if there be a pregnant evidence to prove his insanity at the time of the fact committed, then upon the same favor of life and liberty it is fit it