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xxvi of him. In 1341 the abbot of Kirkstead was a tenant in Dunham, and in 1401–2 the abbot held ⅓ f. there. A family of the name of Dunham are also mentioned as tenants, and seem to have been succeeded c. 1374 by Robert Gaskryk.

Sturton, and Ingleby-by-Stow, ½ fee. Thomas de Moulton of Frampton held lands at Stretton in 1340. This half paid nothing in 1401–2, because John son and heir of Thomas Graye was a minor, and his lands were in the hands of the executors of the lord John, late duke of Lancaster. Matilda, daughter and heir of John de Multon, of Frampton, had married Thomas Gray. ­

Northorpe, ¼ fee. In 1302 John de Hale held the ¼ f. in Northorp which Simon de Hale formerly held. Nicholas de Hale was the tenant 4 Edward III, and members of his family until 50 Edward III. In 1401–2 the ⅓ f. in Northorp, late Nicholas Hale's, paid nothing, because of the minority of Lewis son and heir of Edmund Cornewayle. Lewis Cornwaill being seised of the manors of Thunnak and Laghton, and of lands in Upton, Northorp &c., granted them, 6 May 1405, to feoffees, by the name of Lewis Cornwayle, son and heir of Peter Cornwayle. In 1420–1 Edmund was son and heir of Lewis, and of the age of ten years and more.

Cleatham. ¼ fee. In 1303 the heir of William Cobbe, who ¼ f. in Cletham, was under age, so his tenements were seized into the hands of the lord. John Cobbe was tenant before 1351, in 1376 William Vaus, and in 1401–2 John Gray.

Toft Newton, ¼ fee. In 1210–12 John de Neville held half a knight's fee in Newetone and Sichesle of the honor of Lascy. In 1319–20 Robert, son of Herbert de Saltfletby, did homage for lands in Newton by Toft. In 1422 John Harpyswell was the tenant of lands in Toftnewton, late Robert de Saltfletby's.

The Villein.

The researches of Professors Maitland and Vinogradoff have made it clear that the hardness and harshness of legal theory concerning the villein were mitigated in some places by the