Page:Lowell Hydraulic Experiments, 4th edition.djvu/28

 After passing the turbines, the water is conducted by an arched canal, or raceway, about nine hundred feet in length, to the lower level of the Western Canal, which serves as a feeder to the Mills of the Lawrence Manufacturing Company.

19. Plate I. is a vertical section through the centre of the turbine, and the axis of the supply pipe.

Plate II. is a plan of the turbine, and wheelpit.

Plate III., Figure 1, is a plan of nearly one fourth part of the disc and wheel. Figure 2 is a plan of the whole wheel, the guides, and garniture. Figure 3 is a vertical section through both crowns of the wheel.

The same letters indicate the same parts, in all these three plates.

20. A, the forebay, in which the level of the water is nearly the same as in the Northern Canal; it is represented at the usual working height.

21. B, the surface of the water in the wheelpit, represented at the lowest height at which the turbine is intended to operate.

22. C, the masonry of the wheelpit. The faces towards the wheel, are of granite ashlar work, in blocks containing, generally, from ten to forty cubic feet. The backing is of hard mica slate. The capping course, shown particularly on Plate II., is neatly dressed on its upper surface. The whole is compactly laid in hydraulic cement.

23. D, the floor of the wheelpit. This floor sustains the weight of part of the supply pipe, and of part of the water in it, and all the rest of the apparatus, excepting the wheel itself and the vertical shaft, which are supported by beams and braces, directly from the side walls of the wheelpit. It was necessary that the floor should have sufficient stiffness to resist the great upward pressure which takes place when the wheelpit is kept dry by pumps, in order to permit repairs to be made. The walls of the wheelpit are built upon the floor; — there was, consequently, no danger of the whole floor being pressed upwards, but the great width of the pit, (twenty-four feet,) would allow the floor to yield in the centre, unless it had great stiffness.

To meet these requirements, three cast-iron beams are placed across the pit, the ends extending about a foot under the walls, on each side; on these are laid thick planks which are firmly secured to the cast-iron beams, by bolts. To protect the thick planking from being worn out by the constant action of the water, they are covered with a flooring of one inch boards, which can be easily renewed when necessary.

24. E, the wrought iron supply pipe. This is constructed of plate iron, $3⁄8$ inch thick, riveted together in a similar manner to steam boilers. The horizontal part is nine feet in diameter, the curved part gradually diminishes in diameter, to its junction with the upper curb. The upper end of the supply pipe is terminated by a cast-iron ring F, turned smooth on the face, to receive the wooden head gate. The supply pipe is also furnished with the man hole and ventilating pipe G, and the leak box H. The use of