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 criticisms judicious, if not profound. Yet somehow the total impression left is not a very decided one, owing, perhaps, to the absence of any summary of the main lines of development which led from Newman the Evangelical to Newman the Cardinal. The stages are clear, and have been discriminated once for all by Newman himself in the Apologia. It was difficult, if not impossible, for any one coming after Newman to improve on that statement, or amend it in any way. The chief merit Mr. Hutton's treatment can claim is that of conciseness.

The main lines of that development are familiar enough by this time to all who have read Newman's masterpiece. How the intense Evangelicalism of his boyish years was gradually dissolved and replaced by an equally intense conception of the authority of the Church, and how this led logically on to the momentous question, 'Which is the true Church?' how this was answered at first with the old high and dry Churchmen, and then, as the Erastianism of the Anglican Church as then constituted became clear, how the need of Church reform or reformation became apparent, and so the via media was devised as the ideal towards which the new reformation should travel—all this is something we have all known since 1864, if,