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 Roman encampment. He held a portion of the island from 1460 until 1465, but failed to consolidate his position, being opposed by Sir Philip de Carteret, Seigneur of St. Ouen. In 1467, Sir Richard Harliston, Vice Admiral of England, drove out the last of the Norman invaders. The long-suffering islanders thereupon decided to forestall the future use of their homesteads as battleground for any war that might come along. Accordingly, they presented their view of the matter to King Edward IV, who communicated it to Pope Sixtus IV at Rome. Shortly afterwards the Pope issued a Bull of Anathema against all who should thereafter molest the islands. Thus they remained "neutral" until 1689.

Meanwhile the Hardy family had succeeded in establishing its influence in Jersey, taking advantage of all the scuffling, and waxing to a certain mightiness. We hear of another Clement Le Hardy, great-grandson of the first, evidently a resourceful, headstrong and powerful individual. His house, in 1480 or thereabouts, was one of the largest and best on the island. All its windows were secured by iron gratings, in order to frustrate the frequent attacks of unorganized Norman freebooters who in war times delighted to make razzias upon the property of the islanders. The outer doors were double, of prodigious thickness, and studded with huge nails. It was situated at St. Martin. Early in the last century it was sold by a Sir Thomas Hardy and was subsequently demolished.

And now the atrocities of Richard III were driving many noble Englishmen across the Channel and into northern France. Great numbers of these fugitive gen-