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 Napoleon deprived the pope of the provinces of Urbitro, Macerata, and Ancona, for declining to wage war against the British, and he finished by a decree dated 17th May 1809, that deprived his holmess of all sovereign authority, and constituted Rome a free imperial city.

Encouraged by the occupation of a large French army in Spain, Austria on the 6th of April in this year, a third time ventured to declare war ägainst France; on which Napoleon quitted Paris on the 16th of the same month, and heading his army fought the battles of Landshut, Eckmuhl, Ratisbonne, and Neumark, between that date and the 10th of May, on which day he once more entered Vienna. The occupation of that capital did not terminate the campaign, for on the 21st of the same month was fought the Bloody and indecisive battle of Essling, in which, after great loss, Napoleon was obliged to retreat to the island of Lobau. The archduke Charles was however too much crippled to follow up his success, and the French being reinforced, the decisive victory of Wagram was gained on the 5th and 6th July: on the 12th a suspension of arms was agreed upon, and on the 14th of the ensuing October, a definitive treaty of peace was concluded, one of the secret conditions of which soon became apparent by preparations commencing for the dissolution of the marriage of the conqueror with Josephine.

That marriage, for the reasons stated-little more than the want of issue, and the alleged welfare of France-being annulled by the senate, Josephine, with the title of ex-empress, retired to Navarre, a seat thirty miles from Paris, and on the 2d April 1816, Napoleon espoused the arch-duchess Maria Lonisa, daughter of the emperer Francis II. Soon after this marriage, he united