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Article VI.—LIFE HISTORIES OF AMERICAN CYNIPIDÆ

CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION

It is generally known that the peculiar biological phenomena of gall production, agamic reproduction, and heterogeny occur among the Cynipidae (Hymenoptera); and a study of the life histories of a larger number of the species may reveal still other peculiar biological characters or will certainly show modifications of phenomena as they are known today which will furnish especially interesting information. The amount of work involved in solving these life histories is rather considerable, and to study any number of the five hundred or more American species of gall-wasps will call for the help of many students. It is to furnish a ready equipment to those who care to undertake such work, as well as to make available for general use a body of data, that I shall gather in this and subsequent papers the available facts concerning the species of which the life histories are known. Some of these have not previously been known. The accounts of the life histories of most of the others bring together for the first time information that has been scattered through a wide range of literature, much of which has not been available to the general student. It is my aim to supply complete bibliographies, redescriptions of adults

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