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 In no case shall they be sold or given away, if captured by the armies of the United States, nor shall they ever be privately appropriated, or wan­tonly destroyed or injured.

The United States acknowledge and protect, in hostile countries occupied by them, religion and morality; strictly private property; the persons of the inhabitants, especially those of women; and the sacredness of domestic relations. Offenses to the contrary shall be rigorously punished.

This rule does not interfere with the right of the victorious invader to tax the people or their prop­erty, to levy forced loans, to billet soldiers, or to appropriate property, especially houses, lands, boats or ships, and churches, for temporary and military uses.

Private property, unless forfeited by crimes or by offenses of the owner, can be seized only by way of military necessity, for the support or other benefit of the army or of the United States.

If the owner has not fled, the commanding officer will cause receipts to be given, which may serve the spoliated owner to obtain indemnity.

The salaries of civil officers of the hostile govern­ment who remain in the invaded territory, and con­tinue the work of their office, and can continue it according to the circumstances arising out of the war—such as judges, administrative or police offi­cers, officers of city or communal