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 (e.g. Arouet de Voltaire (Francois Marie de), see v., M. de). The present practice is to write a separate cross-reference for each book published under initials, except in cases where the whole of a writer's bagage litteraire has appeared in that way, or where a very unimportant writer has brought forth a large number of pamphlets under the disguise of initials, and a single reference is allowed to suffice.

Much objection is wont to be made to the headings Academies, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Ephemerides, Liturgies, Periodical Publications. It must be admitted that such headings as these are not properly admissible to an author- catalogue — they are Form-catalogue headings. The heading Academies is, further, one of doubtful utility, on account of the difficulty of deciding what institutions shall rank as academies. Quite recently a reader at the Museum expressed surprise that the Royal College of Music was not an "Academy," and no doubt many a slight has seemed to be cast on excellent institutions by excluding them from that heading, which is reserved for bodies that publish the results of research. It has been proposed by rash innovators not only to abolish the heading "Academies," but to disregard the names of publishing societies in selecting the catalogue- heading. The shortest experience of the wants of students is enough to show, however, that very many learned publications are best remembered by the names of the societies that issue them.

The headings Ephemerides, Encyclopedias, Liturgies, Periodical Publications, only serve