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 in which, amongst other things, he wrote that he "fully agreed with Engels' criticism of the projected program, and that he had reproached Liebknecht for his readiness to make concessions" (Bebel's Memoirs, German edition, vol. ii, p. 304). But if we take Bebel's pamphlet, Our Aims, we shall find there absolutely wrong views of the State. "The State must be transformed from one based on class supremacy to a people's State." (Unsere Ziele, 1886, p. 14.) This is printed in the ninth edition of Bebel's pamphlet. Small wonder that such constantly repeated Opportunist views of the State have been absorbed by the German Social-Democracy, especially as the revolutionary interpretations by Engels were safely stowed away, and all the conditions of life have been such as to wean:them from Revolution.

In a discussion of the doctrines of Marxism regarding the State, the criticism of the Erfurt Program sent by Engels to Kautsky on June 29, 1891, and only published ten years later in the Neue Zeit, cannot be passed over; for this criticism is mainly concerned with the Opportunist views of Social Democracy on the questions of State organization.

In passing, we may note that Engels also raises an exceedingly valuable point of economics, which shows how attentively and thoughtfully he followed :the various phases of the latest developments of Capitalism, and how he was able, in consequence, to foresee to a certain extent the problems of our own, the Imperialist epoch. Here is this point. Touching on the words used in the draft of the program "the want of ordered plan" as characteristic of Capitalism, Engels writes:

"If we pass from joint stock companies to trusts, which get hold of and monopolize whole branches of industry, not only private production, but also the want of ordered plan disappears." (Neue Zeit, year 20, vol. 1, 1901–02, p. 8.)

Here we have what is most essential in the theoretical appreciation of the latest phase of Capitalism, that is, Imperialism, viz., that Capitalism becomes monopolistic Capitalism. This fact must be "emphasized because the "Reformist" middle class view, that monopolistic Capitalism, whether private or State, is no longer Capitalism, but can already be termed "State Socialism," or something of that sort, is one of the most widespread errors. The trusts, of course, have not given us, and indeed, cannot give us,