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 CHAPTER IX ESTOTILAND AND THE OTHER ISLANDS OF ZENO Some of the well-known mythical or dubious map islands of the North Atlantic make their entry into cartography very early indeed, apparently as the contribution or record of otherwise forgotten voyages, though we cannot say with certainty precisely when or how; others, long afterward, were the products of mirage, ocean-surface phenomena, or mariners' fancies working under the suggestion of saintly or demoniacal legends amid the hazes and perils of little-known seas, the precise time of their origin remaining uncertain. As a rule the latter class were less persistent on the maps and are geographically rather unimportant. In two cases, however, Estotiland and Drogio, we know the first appearance of their names before the public, which is very probably the first use of them among men. They derive a special interest from being located in America and from an asserted jour- ney by Europeans to them more than a hundred years before the first voyage of Columbus. The map which first shows them also displays divers other Atlantic islands, either of unusual name or un- usual location and area, not conforming at all to the insular tracts of the North Atlantic basin as we know them now. The fantastic exhibition as a whole had an immediate, long-continuing, and considerable almost revolutionary effect on the map-making of the world. THE ZENO VOLUME In the year 1558 a volume was printed by Marcolino at Venice, purporting to give an account of "The Discovery of the Islands of Frislanda, Eslanda, Engroneland, Estotiland, and Icaria made by two brothers of the Zeno family, Messire Nicol6 the Chevalier and Messire Antonio." 1 Some of the islands named in the book 1 R. H. Major, transl. and edit.: The Voyages of the Venetian Brothers, Nicold and Antonio Zeno, to the Northern Seas, in the XlVth Century, etc., Hakluyt Soc. Publs., ist Ser., Vol. 50, London, 1873.