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 122 MARKLAND kind of presentation in older maps and did not feel warranted in giving up that "Brazil;" but had received convincing infor- mation of lands southwest or south of Greenland, with some suggestion of Brazil as a name traditionally associated with such discoveries, and so drew and named it. Undoubtedly the map is the work of a man well acquainted with the first disk form of Brazil and the later channeled or divided form, beside having some knowledge of later discoveries in Greenland and beyond. There is a parallel to the two Brazils of his map in the two series of Azores on that of Bianco (i448). 15 The latter cartog- rapher retained the original Italian-discovered series, inaccurately aligned north and south, but showed also farther afield the islands of Portuguese rediscovery, properly slanted north- westward, omitting only Flores and Corvo, which the redis- coverers had not yet found or at least had not yet brought to his notice. Another map of about the same period makes the same double showing certainly a curious compromise between conservatism and progressiveness. THE ZENO NARRATIVE There is perhaps no other news of Markland before it became Newfoundland, unless we may put some glimmer of faith in the much-discussed Zeno narrative 16 (Ch. IX), which embodies the tale of an Orkney islander wrecked on the shore of Estotiland (per- haps the name was first written Escociland Scotland) a little before the opening of the fifteenth century. He professed to have found there a people having some of the rudiments of civilization and carrying on trade with Greenland, but ignorant of the mariner's compass. The picture given is not incredible and perhaps receives some support from the really notable works tt Theobald Fischer, Portfolio n, PI. 3. 16 R. H. Major, transl. and edit.: The Voyages of the Venetian Brothers, Nicold and Antonio Zeno, to the Northern Seas, in the XlVth Century, etc., Hakluyt Soc. Publs., ist Sen, Vol. 50, London, 1873; and F. W. Lucas: The Annals of the Voy- ages of the Brothers Nicolo and Antonio Zeno in the North Atlantic, etc., London, 1898 representing opposite sides of the discussion.