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 Rossbach, battle of, 297

Rouen, refuses to register Edict of Nantes, 172

Roundheads under the Restoration, 209

Rousseau, 133

Rovere, Della, See Julius II., Pope

Royalists, the, 199

Ruben's House, Cologne, 177

Rubianus, Crotus, 86

Rufus, Mutianus, 83; death, 105

Rupert, Prince, 185

Russell, Lord, executed, 215; cited, 216

Russia— Social state before Peter the Great, 277-9; reformation of the aristocracy, 282-3; the reformed government under Peter the Great, 284; continental policy, 1756-7, 294

Ruyter, De, 229

Rye House Plot, 218

Ryswick, Peace of, 250

Sacheverell, Dr., 263

Sacred College, the, 108, 110

Sadolet, Cardinal, 72— Paul III. and, 109; and the Reformation, 110; appeal to the Genevese, 132

St. Angelo, Pope Clement prisoner at, 139

St. Bartholomew— Massacre of, 122, 159-60; question of premeditation, 161; attitude of Rome, 161-2; number killed, 162

St. Germain, Peace of, 161; treaty of, 161

St. John. See Bolingbroke, Lord

St. Mark's Library, Venice, 75

St. Paul's Cross, books prohibited at, 120

St. Peter's, Rome, 82, 91

St. Petersburg, founding of, 281-2

St. Prassede, privileged altars, 91

St. Sebastian, crypt of, 91

St. Simon, 221

Salamanca, 247

Salic Law, settlement of Brabant, 237

Salutato, Coluccio, 73

San Domingo, 63

San Gallo, 82

Sanctarelli, 178

Sand, George, 267

Sant Iago, Cardinal of, 110

Santa Prudentia, privileged altars, 91

Santa, Cardinal Croce, 161

Santangel of Aragon, 62

Sarasa, proclaims infallibility of conscience, 116

Saratoga, surrender of General Burgoyne, 312-13

Sarpi. See Paul, Father

Sarsfield and Duke of Berwick, 229

Savonarola, 38; opposition to Alexander VI., 85

Savoy, Duke of, 252, 255

Saxony— Wallenstein's attack, 190-91; subsequent negotiations, 191-2; Lutheran peace at Prague, 193; conquered by Frederic II., 296; given up by him, 300

Saxony, Elector of— Defence of Luther, 97, 102; assists Austria, 243

Saxony, the Marshal of, battle of Fontenoy, 267

Scala, Santa, privileged altars, 91

Scanderbeg, renegade, 35

Scanderoon, trade of, 55

Scandinavia, Lutheran churches, 129

Scarparia studies Greek, 75

Scharnhorst, 289

Schmalkalden, League of, 107

Schomberg, Duke of, 230

Schomberg, the younger, 230

Schwarzenberg, German minister, 181

Schwegler, 16

Schwerin, General, Frederic II. and, 291; killed at Prague, 296

Scotland, state of, at Mary Stuart's return, 146

Scott, Sir Walter, Quentin Durward cited, 19

Scotus, 98

Sebastian, King of Portugal, 59

Sects, in France, 111; growth of, 136, 197, 200-201

Sedgemoor, landing of Monmouth, 220

Sedley, Catherine, 220

Seeley, Sir John, cited, 1-2

Selim, conquests of, 36

Seneca, works of, 73, 78

Senef, battle of, 240

Septennial Act, the, 270-71

Sepulveda on rights of savages, 67

Sermoneta, Duke of, 169

Serrano, letter to Magellan, 65

Servetus, trial and execution, 134-5

Servia, Turkish invasion, 35

Seven Years' War, the, 292 et seq.— State of Europe after, 302-4; results, 305

Seydlitz, General, 296, 298

Seymour, 219

Sforza, Francesco, 38

Sforza, Lodovico, Regent of Milan, 38; Charles VIII. and, 40-41