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 Ptolemy, MS. of, 84

Pultawa, battle of, 282

Pulteney, The Craftsman, 275

Puritan Revolution, the, 199-201

Puritans, policy of the, 209-10

Pyrenees, Treaty of the, 235

Quakers, 201

Quebec, fall of, 306

Quiberon, 299

Quintilian, 74

Racine, 111

Rafael, 82

Ramillies, battle of, 260

Rancé, Abbé de, and James II, 221-2

Ranke— Researches of, 7; on history and religion, 9; historical method, 11, 18-20, 26

Rastadt, peace of, 262

Ratisbon— Peace Conference of Paul III., 109; Diet of, 131-2, 136; taken by Duke of Weimar, 192

Ravaillac assassinates Henry IV., 175

Ravenna, battle of, 46

Rebellion, the, reason of failure, 204-5

Recalde, Admiral, 153

Red Sea, closed by Albuquerque, 57

Reformation, the— In England, 9-10; in Germany, 126-9; in Geneva, 131; difference between Continental and English, 142; in France, 155; in Prussia; 286

Regiomontanus, 84; Ephemerides, 63

Religion, peace of, 123, 127, 129, 136, 165, 171, 181, 183; relation to history, 8-12

Religious Orders, suppression of, 142

Renaissance— Effect on men's minds, 5; results of the, 63; revival of Greek, 71, 74-5; Latin restoration, the, 72-4; reproach of irreligion, 73-4, 76-7; events determining triumph of, 75-6; ecclesiastical control weakened by, 76-8; revival of Christian antiquity, 78; Papacy and Hellenism, alliance between, 78-80; politics of the, 80-81; worship of beauty, 81; wars of Charles V. a check on the, 82-3; begins in Germany, 83; invention of printing, 83; Universities and the New Learning, 83; anti-Catholic spirit in Germany, 83-4, Hebrew studied in Germany, 84

Renan, cited, 18

Renée, d. of Lewis XII, 138

Republicans, the, suppressed by Maurice of Nassau, 174

Restitution, Edict of, 187

Restoration, the, 207; religious policy of the, 209-10

Reuchlin, 83, 109— Learning of, 84; trial and acquittal, 85; judgment reversed by Rome, 86; death, 105

Revocation of Edict of Nantes, 115

Revolution of 1688, nature and results, 231-2

Revolution, the American. See American War of Independence

Revolution, the Puritan. See Puritan Revolution

Rhode Island, charter, 217, 311

Rhode Island, 199

Riccio, assassination of, 146, 147 150, 198

Richelieu, Cardinal— Charter, 175-7; siege of Rochelle, 177; attitude towards the Protestants, 177-8; policy of, 179-80; Gustavus of Sweden and, 188; feud with the Habsburgs, 193

Richmond, proposed marriage to Mary Tudor, 138

Rienzi, political work of, 71-2

Rio, Del, Jesuit, 116

Robertson, 150

Robinocracy, the, 274

Robinson, John, cited, 200, 206

Rochelle, siege of, 177

Rodney, success at Dominica, 314

Rogers, Erasmus. See Erasmus

Roget, 18

Romagna, the, 43, 44

Romanoffs, the. Church policy, 277-8

Rome— Cæsar Borgia's designs on, 43; temporal power established, 44; policy towards Naples, 47; sack of, by Charles V., 49, 83; Bulls regulating sphere of Portuguese and Spanish influence, 64; Papacy removed from, 71; alliance between Hellenism and Papacy, 78-80; rise of, under Julius II., 82; reformation of the Calendar, 84, 121; Holy Office established, 112, 119; the Inquisition, 112-13; witchcraft trials, 116; Index of prohibited books, 119-21; centre of Counter-Reformation, 121; England's break with, 141; and Henry IV., 170; quarrel with Venice, 173-4

Roon, 289

Ropes, Military Histories, 18

Rospigliose, family of, 226