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 Lille, 239, 244, 260, 262

Limerick, "City of the Broken Treaty," 230

Limitation Bill, the, 214

Lingard, 7

Linnæus, 20

Lionne, 234; influence over Lewis XIV., 239

Lisbon, port of, 58

Lisola, Austrian statesman, 243

Livonia, retention by Peter the Great, 281

Livy, 110

Loaysa, Cardinal, 106

Locke, John, 136; principles, 217

Lollardry, 137

Lombard, Peter, 74

Lorraine, surrendered to France, 126

Lorraine, Cardinal, 147— Head of Gallicans, 119; character, 157; death, 167

Lorraine, Duke of, 243

Louvain University, 120

Louvois, cited, 229; influence over Lewis XIV., 239; policy, 243-4

Loyola, Ignatius, 114 sqq,

Ludovisi, family of, 226

Luther, Martin— Beginnings of the Reformation, 47; the letters to Ortwin Gratius, 86; question of the indulgences, 92-8, meeting with Miltitz, 94-5; and the Councils, 96-7; and Elector of Saxony, 97; excommunication of, 97; Reformation Tracts, 98; at the Diet of Worms, 98-101; and Erasmus, 100; outlawed by Charles V., 101; and Melanchthon, 101-2; stay at the Wartburg, 102; translation of the Bible, 102-3; Conservatism of, 104-5; passion for authority, 105; character, 129-30; and divine right, 196

Lutheranism. (See also Calvinism and Protestantism)— Repression of, 123-4; characteristics, 130, 136; in France, 155; in Prussia, 286

Lützen, battle of, 192

Luxemburg, becomes French, 243, 244

Luynes, favourite of Lewis XIII., 175

Lyons, Calvinism in, 156

Macaulay, Lord, 12, 15; cited, 27, 110, 231, 275

Macdonalds, massacre of the, 228-9

Machiavelli, 45, 50-51, 81, 95, 120, 142, 172, 196

Madrid, Treaty of, 48

Magdeburg, siege of, 188-9

Magellan, voyage of, 50, 65-6; acquisition of the Philippines, 66

Mahomet, seizes Otranto, 35

Maimonides, Jews forbidden to read, 86

Maintenon, Mme. de, 244

Maitland, advises Mary regarding Darnley, 147

Malacca, fall of, 57, 65

Malindi, 54

Malplaquet, battle of, 260, 261

Malta, Turkish repulse, 36

Manichees, 111

Mansfeld, account of, 186-7

Marchiali, mystery of, 243

Margaret of Valois, marriage with Henry IV., 158-9

Maria Theresa, empress, 291-2

Maria Theresa, wife of Lewis XIV., 235-6; renunciation of estates, 237-8

Mariana and the Jesuits, 116; cited, 167; teachings of, 169

Maria Mancini, Lewis XIV. and, 235

Marignano, battle of, 47

Marlborough, Duchess of, 261

Marlborough, Duke of— Personality, 257-8; campaign of, 259 et seq.; at the Hague, 261; dismissed by the Tories, 261

Marmont and Napoleon, 298-9

Martin of Connemara, 222

Martinitz, Bohemian minister, 183

Mary of Medici and Richelieu, 175-7

Mary, Princess of Orange, succession, 214

Mary Stuart— Religious policy, 146; marriage with Darnley, 146-7; death of Darnley, 147; marriage with Bothwell and imprisonment at Loch Leven, 148; battle of Langside and flight to England, 149; the Casket Letters, 149-52; Elizabeth and, 152-3; marriage with the Dauphin, 157

Mary Tudor, persecutions under, 119; proposed marriage of, 138, 140; Sir Thomas More and, 141

Masenius and Paradise Lost, 116

Massachusetts, attempt to coerce, 311-12

Maurice of Nassau, 126, 174

Max Emmanuel of Bavaria, 250

Maximilian, Emperor— Siege of Padua, 45; Council of Pisa, 46; the Jewish persecutions, 85

Maximilian II., Religious policy, 124, 182

Maximilian of Bavaria, 184-5

Mayenne, breach with Paris, 168

Mayflower, the, 199