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30 For saving the life of a citizen in battle the reward was a crown of oak leaves known as the corōna cīvica. See the cut, p. 106, of a coin bearing the corōna cīvica and the inscription ob cīvīs servātōs, for the savmg of citizens.

LESSON XLII

Dwell on this Lesson until you are sure that consonant stems of the third declension have been mastered.

In connection with the translation of this selection read to the class from some Roman history a short and spirited account of the invasion of the Cimbri and Teutones and the great battle in which they were destroyed by Caius Marius.

§ 240. Diū et ācriter pugnātum est, the battle was long and fiercely contested.

LESSON XLIII

§ 241. Teach the class that the first thing always to be done with a noun of the third declension, before it can be declined, is to determine whether or not it is an i-stem. To do this, mastery of the rules in this article is absolutely essential. Call on each pupil to repeat them, and review them at frequent intervals.

§ 243. When writing declensions of i-stems, require pupils to write both the stem and the base, as shown in the paradigms.

§ 243.1. Require this list to be memorized.

§ 244.2. Animal and calcar are examples of the dropping of the final -i- of the stem. In īnsigne it has been changed to -e.

§ 244.3. Note the shortening of ā in the nominatives animal and calcar.

§ 245.I.7. In connection with this sentence and the cut below, refer the class to the description of the Roman galley in Wallace's "Ben Hur."

§ 245.II.1. Because of the lack, abl. of cause. 2. Imperātor should be placed first because it is the common subject of the principal and subordinate clauses. This rule of order is usually observed in careful writers.