Page:Latin for beginners (1911).djvu/199

THE GERUND AND GERUNDIVE 175 405. Compare the following parallel uses of the gerund and gerundive:

a. We observe
 * 1) That the gerund is a noun and the gerundive an adjective.
 * 2) That the gerund, being a noun, may stand alone or with an object.
 * 3) That the gerundive, being an adjective, is used only in agreement with a noun.

406. Gerund and Gerundive.
 * 1) The Gerund is a verbal noun and is used only in the genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative singular. The constructions of these cases are in general the same as those of other nouns.
 * 2) The Gerundive is a verbal adjective and must be used instead of gerund + object excepting in the genitive and in the ablative without a preposition. Even in these instances the gerundive construction is more usual.

407. Gerund or Gerundive of Purpose. The accusative of the gerund or gerundive with ad, or the genitive with causā (= for the sake of), is used to express purpose.