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[viii] difference of opinion on matters of detail, and on such matters well-recognized authorities often disagree. I have tried to use the standard works of refer- ence in the light of the best and latest etymological criticism at my command, and to distinguish with care between what is certain and what is mere conjec- ture. In the revision of the greater part of my manuscript for the press, 1 had the benefit of Kluge's valuable dictionary. 1 His acceptance of the cur- rent comparisons has often given me assurance, and his sober judgment has often confirmed me in scepticism or silence on doubtful points. In the numerous cases where the undoubtedly allied words are too man}*- to be given in full, I have usually selected those forms which were the simplest or the most interesting, or those whose kinship was clearest. 2

These comparisons include only genuinely cognate words, as distinguished from borrowed words ; the latter have as a rule been excluded, or, if given, have been characterized as borrowings. 3 Thus ?ws, Latin sen-ex, and English sen-green are given on page 266, all as genuine cognates of sana; the words senate, senator, senatorial, senescent, senile, senility, senior, sire, sir, seigniorage, etc., are not mentioned, because they are not genuine English cognates, but only more or less ancient borrowings or more or less direct derivatives from the Latin. 4 So under the root srp (p. 276) are given Latin serpens and reptilis, and it would be superfluous to add the borrowed English serpent and reptile.

The accents of all words have been regularly marked in the headings of the articles, so far as the accents are known from the occurrence of the words in any accentuated texts of the literature. 5 But in addition to these words, the verb-forms immediately following the root have been uniformly accented, according to the rules, except in a few doubtful cases ; and a number of compounds occurring on the pages of Nala have been accented,

1 Entitled Etijmologisch.es Wb'rterbuch der 5 For these accents I have relied on deutschen Sprache. Strassburg, Karl J. Boehtlingk's Sanskrit-Worterbuch in Kurz- Triibner. 1883. Royal 8°. Price 10 Mark erer Fassung as far as it has appeared, i.e. 50 Pfennige. to the end of bh, and for the rest of the

2 Thus under sana (p. 266) might have alphabet, on the great thesaurus of Boeht- been given, in addition to Latin senex, the lingk and Roth. There are many words words senior, senectus, senilis, senesco, senator, accented in more than one way (e.g., rajyd, sendtus, etc. ; but these are readily suggested rajy^, rajya, asana, asana, daridra, dar- by senex, idra, dalva, daiva, blrati, bhuti, vrsti,

8 Thus the interesting compound seneschal vfsti, vend, venu) ; such have generally

is added under sana, not as a genuine Eng- been left unmarked ; but of a few common

lish cognate, but as a borrowing through words like manu, dvipad, pagti, papa, and

the Erench from Continental Germanic, matf, the prevailing accent is given, espe-

where its first member is indeed a genuine cially, if (as in the case of bhrti or patn)

cognate. the other accent is rare, or (as in the case

4 Compare note 2, above. of §uska) not authenticated.