Page:Language and the Study of Language.djvu/509

Rh Spanish language, 189; 219; German and Arabic elements in, 168.

Spirants, 91; their derivation, 92.

spirit, 112.

splash, 425.

State languages, so called, 363.

Steinthal, Professor H., referred to vi., 338 note, 367. 448 note, 450 note.

Structure, characteristic, of different families of language, 291-4, 357-69.

Study of language—see Linguistic science.

subject, 112.

Subjunctive mood, origin of, 268; loss of, in English, 86-7.

substantial, 112.

Substantive verb, derivation of, 115; wanting in Semitic, 304.

such, 57.

Suffixes, how produced, 57-64; their universal presence in Indo-European words, 65, 292; primary and secondary, 255.

sun, 103-4.

Suras, language of, 327.

Surd and sonant letters, 91; their exchanges, 92.

sure, 111.

Swabian dialect of Old High-German, 211; of Middle High-German, 163, 212.

Swedish language, 212.

Swift, Dean, caricature of etymological processes by, 389-90.

sycophant, 130.

Syllabic modes of writing, 460-61.

Syllable, nature of, 89.

Symbolism, signs of, in Semitic word-formation, 302; in beginnings of speech, 430.

Symbols, forerunners of writing, 449.

sympathy, 112.

Synonymous words, 110.

Syriac language, 294, 297, 298, 306; alphabet, its diffusion, 313, 462.

Syro-Arabian family—see Semitic.

Talmuds, 298.

Tamil language, 326.

Tamulian languages, 326.

Targums, 298.

Tartaric or Tataric family—see Scythian.

Tartar and Tatar, 38.

Technical vocabularies, their relation to a language, 19, 23, 156.

telegram, 40.

telegraph, 83, 146.

Telinga or Telugu language, 326.

Tenses, development of Indo-European, 266-70; Semitic, 303; Scythian, 320; modern preterits in Germanic languages, 79-82, 117; English perfects and futures, 117-19; Romanic futures, 118.

Terminology, artificial production of a, 122.

-th, ending of third person singular present in English verbs, 63, 93, 267.

-th, noun suffix, 64.

than, 115.

thank, 111.

that, pronoun, 430.

that, conjunction, 114.

the, 114, 115.

thou, 196.

Thought, relation of language and, 403-21; the two not identical, 405-11; not coterminous, 411; how far thought is carried on in language, 412-13; its processes aided by speech, 417-21: such thought as ours only made possible by expression, 420; insufficiency of language as expression of thought, 20, 109-11, 406-7.

three, 196.

throng, 262.

Tiberius of Rome, as language-maker, 36.

Tibetan language, 337.

Time, peculiar treatment of, in Semitic verb, 303.

to, infinitive sign, 119.

topgallantsails, 72.

Tradition, the means by which a language is kept in existence, 23; its defects, and their consequences, 27-32; causes aiding its strictness, 148-51; tradition of speech and knowledge together, 441-5; its guiding influence on the mind, 445-6.

Triliterality of Semitic roots, 301-3.

Troubadours, songs of, 218.

true, 64, 179.

truth, 64.

Tudas, language of, 327.

Tulu language, 326.

Tungusic branch of Scythian language, 312.

Turanian family, so called, 309; origin and first application of the name, 325.

turkey, 130.

Turkish branch of Scythian language, 191-2; divisions, age, literature, etc., 310-11, 313-14; characteristic structural features, 198, 318-20.

Turkomans, language of, 311.

two, 196.