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Rh C, the letter, derivation of, 465.

Cæsar, 105-6.

calculate, 130.

Caldwell, Rev. R., referred to 327 note.

calm, 468.

Cambodian language, 336.

can, 111.

Canaanitic branch of Semitic languages, 297.

Canarese language, 326.

candid, 127, 133.

candidate, 126, 127, 131, 133.

Carthage, language of, 295, 298.

Cases, their number, origin, and office in Indo-European language, 271-5; their loss in English, 77; in other languages, 274; replacement, 280-81; cases in Semitic language, 304; in Scythian, 319.

Castrén, Professor Alexander, referred to, 310, 315.

Caucasian languages, 354-5.

Celtic languages, obliterated by Latin in southern Europe, 166, 216-17; by Germanic language in England, 169; their classification, age, literatures, etc., 190, 215-18; their position in Indo-European family, 204.

Celtomania, 216.

Central America, language and culture of, 347, 351.

Chaldee language, 297, 298.

Champollion, referred to, 341.

Chances, doctrine of, as applied to linguistic resemblances, 390.

Change, linguistic, its kinds, necessity, and universality, 24-33; forces producing it, 35-46, 48-9; considerations determining it in special cases, 41; phonetic or external change, 42-3; constructive, 55-65, 70, 73-4; destructive, 74-98; internal change, of meaning, 100-135, 141-2; relations of external and internal change, 101; varying rate and kind of change, 137-53; processes of change are what, 154; linguistic change causes the growth of dialects, 154-5, 159; generally of slow and gradual progress, 44, 123, 183, 277-8; exceptional cases of rapid change, 137, 291, 347.

charity, 102.

Cheremiss language, 309.

Cherokee language, 350; word-phrase of, 349; alphabet of native invention, 461.

Chinese language, its age. 233-4, 332; monosyllabic character, 257, 330-31, 359; history, literature, etc., 332-6; merit, 336, 367; supplemented by its written characters, 458; compared with English, 331, 471-2.

Chinese writing, preceded by use of knotted cords, 450, 455; history of, 455-9; relation to the spoken language, 458.

Choctaw language, 350.

Chuana family—see South-African.

Chukchi language, 329.

church, 472.

Church-Slavic language, 214.

Circassian language, 354.

Civilization, degree of, of Indo-European mother-tribe, 207-8.

Classification of languages, by genetic relationship, how effected, 185-6, 290; review of families thus established, 292-357; its uncertainties, 323, 357-8; its preëminent value, 369-70; classification by structural correspondence, 358-67; by positive value, 367-9.

Classification of conceptions, learned along with language, 12.

cleave, 387.

Clicks in South African languages, 345.

Clothing, analogy between language and, 401-3.

Cochin-China, language of, 336.

cock, 429.

cockade, 429.

Comanche language, 351.

Combination of independent elements into words, 55-67; our words universally so made up, 65-7, 251-5; combination promotes, and is aided by, phonetic change, 70, 73-4; accompanied by change of meaning, 116; now of limited range in English, 143, 147-8, 282.

comfort, 133.

Communication, its possibility makes the unity of a language, 22, 157; it keeps language uniform, 155-61, 183; impulse to it, the immediate producer of spoken language, 403-5; of writing, 448-9.

Community, makes and changes language, 45, 123, 148, 404; preserves unity of a language, 155; how and within what limits it works, 156-8, 161; effects of external conditions upon, 159.

Comparative method in modern study of language, 3, 240-48; how to be applied, 241-6; not a mere comparison of words, 246-7; its universal reach, 248.