Page:Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Frank Varela.pdf/42

Rh equity for the revocation of any contract”). So any state rule treating arbitration agreements worse than other contracts “stand[s] as an obstacle” to achieving the Act’s purposes—and is preempted. Concepcion, 563 U. S., at 343. That means the FAA displaces any state rule discriminating on its face against arbitration. See id., at 341. And the Act likewise preempts any more subtle law “disfavoring contracts that (oh so coincidentally) have the defining features of arbitration agreements.” Kindred Nursing, 581 U. S., at ___ (slip op., at 5). What matters, as this Court reiterated last Term, is whether the state law in question “target[s]” arbitration agreements, blatantly or covertly, for substandard treatment. Epic Systems, 584 U. S., at ___ (slip op., at 7). When the law does so, it cannot operate; when, conversely, it treats arbitration agreements the same as all other contracts, the FAA leaves it alone.

Here, California’s anti-drafter rule is as even-handed as contract rules come. It does not apply only to arbitration contracts. Nor does it apply (as the rule we rejected in Concepcion did) only a tad more broadly to “dispute-resolution contracts,” pertaining to both arbitration and litigation. 563 U. S., at 341 (holding that a ban on collective-action waivers in those contracts worked to “disfavor[] arbitration”). Instead, the anti-drafter rule, as even the majority admits, applies to every conceivable type of