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STUDENTS MANUAL

(2)  Material collected during summer.

(a)  The school museum. f.  Nature Study Excursions;    64041.

(1)   Main purposes:

(a)   To bring into contact with outside world.

(b)   To give direct experience.

(c)   To give reality to study.

(d)   To make work more objective and concrete.

(2)   Necessity of seeing objects in their natural situations.

(3)   Interest in work given by excursions.

(4)   How the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. g.  The camera in nature study:    1309.

(1)   Value of camera in excursions.

(2)   What the camera can do in nature study.

(3)   The kind of training which use of camera gives.

(4)   The camera as a source of material for study. h.  The school garden in nature study;    1690.

8.   METHOD IN THE TEACHING OF PENMANSHIP:

a.   The three typical systems of handwriting:    1445.

(1)   The slant, the medial, and the vertical.

b.   Main  requirements in teaching penmanship:    1445.

(1)   Legibility.

(2)   Speed.

(a)  Less demand for this than formerly.

(3)   Ease.

(4)   Individuality.

e.  The first years of penmanship work:    1445.

(1)   Little or no penmanship in the first year of school.

(2)   The first work.

(a)   Use of the blackboard.

(b)   Seat work with pencil.

(c)   Necessity of practice.

(d)   Use of dictation exercises.

(e)   The method -emphasizing accuracy at first.

(f)    Method emphasizing form first with accuracy to fol-

low, (3  After the first, personal variations from the model allowable.

d.   Penmanship made a special  subject after the sixth grade:    1446.

e.   The  important considerations  in the seventh end eighth grades:

1446.

f.   Individual work in correction:    1446.

9.   METHOD IN  PHYSICAL EDUCATION.

a.   What   physical   education   includes:    1480.

(1)   The more general meaning:

(a)   Physical examination of pupils and students.

(b)   Personal direction in matters of health, (d)    Class instruction in hygiene.

(d)   Gymnastics and athletics.

(2)   The more technical meaning.

b.   Increased importance of physical education:    1481.

(1)   Requirements of healthful and successful living.

(2)   Lack of physical exercise and training in modern conditions

of living.

c.   Physical education as a means of insuring  normal development:

1481.

(1)   The furnishing of opportunity.

(2)   By furnishing incentive.

d.   Means of physical education.

(1)   Plays, dances, and games:    734-35.

(See the psychology of play under "Child-Study," p. 385.)

(a)  Importance of these compared with gymnastics: 817, 1841.

2290