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THE STUDENT'S MANUAL

2.   METHOD IN THE TEACHING OF GEOGRAPHY:

a.   The scope of the subject of geography:

(1)   Definition:    745.

(2)   How geography differs from physiography:    746, 1482.

b.   Geography, how divided:

(1)   Physical geography:    745.

(2)   Political  geography:    745.

(3)   Commercial geography:    745.

(4)   Medical geography:    745.

(5)   Oceanography:    745.

c.   Geography,   its   relation  to  the  sciences:

(1)   Geology:    747.

(2)   History:    747.

(3)   Astronomy:    127.

d.   Geography in the first three grades:

(1)   The aim here:    746.

(2)   Geography as incidental to the study of primitive life and

nature study:   746, 1308.

e.   Geography in the third and following grades:

(1)   Geography as a separate subject here:    746.

(2)   Home geography as the first study taken up; nature study

in this:   746, 1308.

(3)   Importance of emphasis on the causal idea:    746.

(4)   How the new geography differs from the old:    746.

(5)   Dynamic character of geography when properly taught: 746.

(6)   Aids in geography teaching:

(a)   The  magnet:   1145;   compass,  435;   barometer,  174; dial, 526;  thermometer, 1900.

(7)   The necessity of laboratory and field work:    746.

(8)   Sources of information:    746.

Note:   Refer to Outline on Geography, Pages 11-15, "The Student's Manual."

3.   METHOD IN THE TEACHING OF HISTORY:

a.   The values of history to be realized:   876.

(1)   Main value lies in helping people to understand the present.

(2)   Instruction which history furnishes in way of human life

and character.

(3)   Furnishing of ideals of conduct.

b.   Why the history of one's own country is most valuable:    876.

c.   Beginning of history work in the third grade:    876.

(1)   Use of history stories here.

(2)   Value of skillful story telling.

d.   Use of American history as the subject for elementary history: 876.

(1)   The divisions of the subject into periods for purposes of teaching.

(a)   Period of exploration on sea and land.

(b)   Period of settlement and colonial development to 1763.

(c)   The struggle with England, the war for independence,

the adoption of the Constitution.

(d)   The growth of the country under the constitution.

e.   How to make the history work most valuable:    876.

(1)   Select the more interesting and striking phases.

(2)   Make use of biography to a great extent.

(3)   Supply by reference books or otherwise, material on customs

of the people.

(4)   Use source materials.

(5)   Do not make use of long chronological tables.

(6)   Use charts to get view of contemporary history and his-

torical order:    See History Charts:    877.

(7)   Use population maps and other devices.

(8)   In upper grades encourage independent study. , Note-   Refer to Outline on History, pages 18-30, "The Student's Manual."

4.   METHOD  IN THE TEACHING OF LANGUAGE:

a.  What is included in language work in school:    1026.

(1)   The broad meaning.

(2)   The narrower meaning.

2286