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BOTANY

THE SCOPE OF THE SUBJECT;   Botany 249.

DIVISIONS OF THE STUDY:

Taxonomy — the classification of plants 1875. Morphology—the forms of plants 1264. Physiology — the activities of plants 1487. Ecology — the environment of plants 580.

I- TAXONOMY:

THE FOUR DIVISIONS OF THE PLANT KINGDOM:

1. Thallophytes:    meaning   thallus-plant;    having   a   characterise

tic plant-body 1897.

2. Bryophytes:   having distinct alteration of generations and more

complex body 281.

3. Pteridophytes:    having a  leafy and  vascular  sporophyte;   and

producing no seeds 1558.

4. Spermatophytes:    meaning  seed-plants,  called  flowering plants

1797.

(Note: The first three of the above divisions are called Cryptogams — plants that do not produce seeds — 484. There is also a group between plants and animals called Myxomycetes: 1297.)

1. THE THALLOPHYTES:

the lowest group of plants 1897.

(1) The Cyanophyceas: the blue-green algae, or green slimes 491; eoenocyte 419; Heteroeyst 871.

C (a) Protococcus forms: 1554.

(b)  Conferva forms:

392.

(c)   Siphon   forms:   as

spirogyra 1800.

(d)   Conjugate    forms:

or   brown    algae 1463.

(3)  The   Phasophyceae   or  brown    algae: 1463;

the Sargassum, making the Sargasso seas 1681.

(4) The Rhcdophyceae or red algas; prized sou-

venirs of the seashore 1609; Lichens — intermediate forms 1065; symbiosis 1859.

b.   The   Fungi:   taking their food from  other plants  714;   parasites 1420; saprophytes   1678;   mycelium  1293;   mycorrhiza  1294.

(a)  Phycomycetes:   1479;    as   black-

moulds, downy mildews 1224; coenocyte 419.

(b) Ascomycetes:     17;    blue-moulds,

truffles,   1946;    and   perhaps yeasts 2121;   mildews 1224.

(c) j^Ecidfomycetes: 17; as rusts 1649;

and smuts 1772.

(d)  Basidiomycetes:    as    mushrooms

1284; toadstools 178.

2. THE  BRYOPHYTES:   the  second  group of plants  281. a. The  Hepaticae:    the liverworts  865;   rhizoids  1606.

(1)  Marchantiales: 1168; green above and with rhizoids on under

surface 1606.

(2) Jungermanniales:  like delicate moss 865.

2266

a. The Algae: most primitive forms of the plant kingdom 48; and making their own food with chlorophyll 393.

The  Chlorophy-c eae :       the

green     algae 392.

(1) Four groups of fungi: