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CIVIL GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

Definition:   Old classification, Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy. Modern and more valuable classification.

Difference between presidential systems, as that of United States, and parliamentary systems, as that of England.

State government in the United States; county government; township government; city government; school districts, 787.

GOVERNMENT OF UNITED STATES

The nation a federal republic, powers defined by the national constitution.

Each state a representative republic, without sovereignty and without any relation to any foreign power.

Federal government administered by the executive, legislative and judicial departments, 1973, 1974.

Executive power and duties vested in the president and administered through departments of state, treasury, war, navy, postoffice, interior, justice, agriculture, and commerce and labor. Organization and scope of these departments, 1984, 1985.

Legislative authority, vested in Congress, consisting of senate and house of representatives. Members of each house and how chosen, 1974, 442, 443. Powers and duties of each house, course of legislation, 442,

Judicial authority, vested in Federal courts, 1974, 466, 468. (See Courts of Justice.)

State Governments: Representative republics without sovereignty and without any relation to any foreign power. Powers are those not delegated to Federal government and are derived from citizens of state. States determine suffrage and control elections, criminal and civil law, property and civil relations, source of revenue, local government, 1974.

Municipal Government:   Scope and limitations in different states.

Two kinds, department government and government by commission. Details of system and methods as illustrated in charter of New York City, 1278.

National Municipal League, measures advocated; initiative and referendum, 1279.

Municipal government in foreign cities, 1279. COURTS OF JUSTICE

Primitive forms; function of courts, to punish (criminal cases), to arbitrate (civil cases); courts now subordinate to system of law and prece-dentSo Roman courts established distinction between law and equity. Trial by jury, 466.

English system of courts; inferior courts and their functions; supreme court, Chancery, Kings Bench, probate and admiralty divisions; courts of appeal, 467.

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