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THE STUDENT'S  MANUAL

" (a) Self-pollination:   1518. (b) Cross-pollination:    1518.

1. Nectar feeding:   like

the   butterflies and   moths   1519.

2. Pollen  feeding:   like

the   bees    and wasps 1519;   192.

3. How the insects know

the food:  1519.

b. Fruits: contain mature seed 721; 1523.

(1) Kinds:   721;  pear 1434;  apple 85;  gourd 787;  gooseberry 781; raspberry 1587.

• (a) Wind: 1718; milkweed 1226; catal-pa 348; maple 1166; tumble-weed 1950.

(b)  Water:    1718.

(c)  Animals:    1718.

(d)  Explosion of pod:    violet 2022.

(a)  Seed wings:     1894;   maple 1166;

1718.

(b)  Plumes:     1718;   milkweed   1226;

catalpa 348.

(c)  Barbs:    1718; dandelion 500.

(3) Fertilization:    657.

(c) By insects:

(2) How distributed:

1717; 1519.

(3) Special adaptation for seed- distribution:

1718.

c. Runners and cuttings:   1552;  1643.

d. Selections and crossing to obtain new varieties called hybrids:   1500; 789.

3. GERMINATION:  760;  657;  614;  1718.

a.  Parts of seed: 611.

b. Development:

(1)  Covering:    931; 1894.

(2)  Cotyledon:    465.

(3)  Caulicle:    353.

(4)  Plumule:    1506.

(1)  Plumule developing into stem: 1747.

(2)  Radicle into the root:   1632.

j (a) Leaflike. [ (b) Not leaflike.

(3) Cotyledons: 611. )

(2) Chemical  changes   in leaf: 1479; 18; 1041.

4. NOURISHMENT OF PLANTS:   1366;  532;  1420;  1242;  847.

a. Green plants:   that can make their own food.

(1) Chlorophyll:   green bodies that do the work 393.

(a) Work:   to provide nourishment for leaf 690

(a)  Make carbohydrates and proteids:

1479.

(b)  Give off oxygen and vapor:   1936.

(c)  Put food in solution:   531.

(d)  Respiration:   1602;  1210. (3) Work of roots and stems:  2051; 1632.

b. Plants not green:    having no chlorophyll, they cannot manufacture own

food.

(1)  Kinds:     724;    mushrooms  178;    moulds  1479;    mildews  117;

truffles 1946;  yeast 2121;   rust 1649;   toadstools 178.

(2)  How they live:    1678; depend on green plants and on animals

1420; 18*59.

(3)  Where they grow:    1479.

5. ROOTS OF PLANTS:   1632; 2051.

a. Purpose:   to hold fast and absorb food 1294.

b.  How direction is determined:   water and gravity 859.

c. Kinds:  taproot and hair-roots 1632.

2224