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THE NEW  STUDENT'S  REFERENCE  WORK

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Division may be expressed in the following ways:

5        usual form. 4)20

20-f-4=5  using the sign. 20

—=5  fractional form. 4 20:4   ratio method.

Dividing a number into two equal parts is the same as finding one-half (V2) of it.

Dividing a number into three equal parts is the same as finding one-third (1/3) of it.

So in the following drill, dividing the numbers in the outer rings by 8, 8, 9, is the same as finding one-sixth (1/6), one-eighth (%), one-ninth (1/9) of them.

These diagrams should be placed upon the board, and as the teacher or some pupil points to a number in the outer ring, the pupils should give the quotient quickly and correctly.

SHORT DIVISION.

Short division is simple and the method of work is readily learned. Divide 8527 by 9.

85 hundreds -f- 9=9 hundreds and 4 hundreds remaining;

947f    we write 9 over the hundreds' column. 4 hundreds and 2 tens

9)8527       =42 tens;  42 tens  ~-  9=4 tens  and 6 tens remaining;  we

write 4 over the tens' column. 6 tens and 7 units =67 units;

67 units ~ 9=7 units and 4 units remaining; we write 7 over the units'

column, and the remainder 4 over the divisor 9 with a line between, to

show that 4 is still to be divided by 9.

Give a great many examples like the above. It is one of the best mental drills, and prepares the way for long division.

Much of the slow, inaccurate work in arithmetic is due to a lack of drill along the line of multiplication and division.