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URBANA

X992

URUGUAY

many years of service in various capacities, he was elected pope in September of 1623. His memory has suffered through the imputation of nepotism; but his pontificate on the whole was vigorous and enlightened. He was the founder of the celebrated College of the Propaganda, and to him Rome is indebted for many public works, including large and important additions to the Vatican library. His pontificate was also distinguished by the acquisition of the duchy of Urbino to the Holy See in 1626. He died in 1644, and was succeeded by Innocent X.

Urban'a, 111., county-seat of Champaign County, is noted as the seat of the University (q. v.) of Illinois. There also are a good system of public schools, a high school and two libraries. Urbana's most important industrial establishments are the "Big Four" car-shops, employing 700 men, next the brick-works and then the lawn-mower and machine works. Population 8,245.

Urbino (ot>r-befnd), in central Italy, is situated between the Metauro and Foglia Rivers, 20 miles southwest of Pesaro. It has a magnificent palace, once the residence of the dukes of Urbino, where was the famous library of the Delia Rovere family, afterwards removed to the Vatican. Another handsome palace is that of the Albini, a family who gave the church Pope Clement XI. Urbino is the birthplace of Raphael, and became a part of the kingdom of Italy in 1860. It is the seat of a free university founded in 1564. Population of Pesaro and Urbino 25,103.

U'rim and Thum'mim, a mysterious contrivance on the breastplate of the Jewish high-priest, either consisting of the four rows of precious stones upon which the names of the 12 tribes were engraved or of two images personifying — most probably — Truth and Revelation. Others assert that the words personified by these images were Light and Perfection, and still others that they were Doctrine and Judgment. The consulting of the Urim and Thummim as an oracle was a very solemn ceremony with the Jews, but it is never mentioned after Solomon's time.

Ur'sa Major. See BEAR, GREATER AND LESSER.

Ursa Mi'nor. See BEAR, GREATER AND LESSER.

Ur'sula, St., a female saint and martyr, especially honored in Germany and Cologne, the place of her reputed martyrdom, who is variously assigned to the third, the fourth and the fifth century. According to the legend, she was the daughter of Deo-natus, a British king, and on account of her beauty was sought in marriage by the son of a pagan prince. Fearing that she might bring ruin upon her father by a refusal, she consented to marry the prince, but made it a condition that she should be

allowed three years, during which she proposed to make a pious pilgrimage inj company with her ten maidens, each being accompanied by a thousand other maidens, making 11,000 in all. The maidens were collected from all parts of the world, and the expedition set sail from the British coast. Arriving at the mouth of the Rhine, they sailed up the river to Cologne and thence to Basel. Leaving their galleys, they proceeded by land to visit the tombs of the apostles at Rome. This pilgrimage accomplished, they returned down the river to Cologne, which had meanwhile fallen into the hands of an army of Huns under the leadership of a chief, who, although not named, plainly is the Attila of history. Landing at Cologne in ignorant security, the pious virgins fell into the hands of these barbarians, by whom all were seized and put to death. A host of angel warriors, however, interposed and smote the cruel Huns; and in gratitude to their martyred intercessors the citizens erected a church on the site now occupied by the Church of St. Ursula.

Ur'sulines, a religious order of women in the Roman Catholic church, taking their name from Saint Ursula. They derive their origin from Angela Merici, who, early in the 16th century, formed at Brescia an association of young women who fully devoted themselves to the care of the sick, the instruction of children and the relief of the poor. In 1565 a house was opened at Cremona, and the order spread over several dioceses in Italy. Soon afterwards it was established in France, where one of its members was the celebrated Madeline St. Beuve. It was in France that the sisters added to their vows the instruction of female children, which has since formed the most marked characteristic of their order.

Uruguay (pd'rftfi-gwl'}, the smallest of the South American republics, is 53 times the size of Rhode Island, the smallest state of the Union, and nearly equal to the combined area of Ohio and Indiana. It lies between Brazil on the north and northeast and the Argentine Republic on the west, with the Atlantic Ocean on the south and southeast. Its greatest length and breadth are a little over 300 miles each, the total area being 72,210 square miles. Brazil, the largest of the South American countries, is 43 times the size of Uruguay. Uruguay is considerably further east than the eastern limit of the United States, being directly south of Newfoundland. Its population is 1,112,000.

Surface and Clwnate. Uruguay is a country of hills and plains, with no elevations exceeding 2,000 feet. In the south the country is a sort of terraced upland, with a treeless coast possessing some good harbors. Rio de la Plata, a broad deep estuary,