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TRUFFLES

1946

TRUMPET-FLOWER

navigation. There is a large dam across the Hudson, which, with two small streams falling 200 feet from hills back of the city, furnishes a large water-power. It is connected with Lakes Champlain, Ontario and Erie by canals. Among its public buildings are the city-hall, orphan asylums, Earl crematory, an athenaeum, and the union-station, one of the finest in the country. The city annually expends $144,220 on its public schools, which have 211 teachers and 6»357 pupils. Troy Female Seminary, established in 1821, was one of the first institutions of the kind in the country, and is still successfully maintained. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and St. Joseph's Theological Seminary are among its schools. The principal manufactures are of iron, its factories and furnaces being the largest in the eastern part of the Union. It manufactures bar-iron, railway-spikes, nails, screws, bolts, stoves, furnaces, hollow ware and machinery. It has the largest factory of mathematical instruments in the country, and the shirt and collar factories are very extensive. The old Vanderheyden house, built in 1752, was the first house on the site of Troy, and the place was known as Vanderheyden's Ferry and as Ferryhook until 1789, when it was named Troy. It has been almost destroyed by fire three times. Population 76,813-

Truffles, the common name of certain edible fungi, belonging chiefly to the genus Tuber. Nearly all are subterranean and appear as tuber-like bodies developed on a mycelium. Truffles are among the most prized of the edible fungi, and are chiefly cultivated in Europe. See ^CIDIOMYCETES.

Trum'bull, John, an American painter, was born at Lebanon, Conn., June 6, 1756. He graduated at Harvard College, and studied his art at Boston. He served in the army during the Revolutionary War as adjutant of the first Connecticut regiment, aide-de-camp to Washington, major and colonel, resigning in 1777. While studying painting in London in 1780, he was imprisoned for eight months during the excitement produced by the execution of Andre*. His first American historical pictures were Battle of Bunker Hill and the Death of Montgomery. He painted portraits of Washington and other Revolutionary characters. In 1817 he was employed by Congress to paint four pictures for the rotunda of the capitol, and as subjects chose The Declaration of Independence, Surrender of Burgoyne, Surrender of Cornwallis and Resignation of Washington. His historical paintings, numbering 57, were given by him to Yale College, and are valuable as collections of portraits of the prominent actors of the period. He died at New York, Nov. 10, 1843. See Autobiography.

TrumbuH, Jonathan, an American statesman, was born at Lebanon, Conn., Oct. 12,

1710. A graduate of Harvard College and a theological student, he was turned aside into business by the death of his elder brother. He became a member of the general assembly of Connecticut in 1733, speaker in 1739 and assistant in 1740, being re-elected 22 times. He was chief judge of the superior court for three years and governor of the colony for 14. He was prominent in the opposition to England before the Revolutionary War, refusing to take the oath to support the Stamp-Act, and his advice was sought by Washington, who looked upon him as one "of his main pillars of support." The name of Brother Jonathan, given to the United States, is attributed to Washington's frequent remark, alluding to Trumbull: '* Let us hear what Brother Jonathan says." He died at Lebanon, Conn., Aug. 17, 1785. See Life by Stuart.

Trumbull, Lyman, American jurist and senator, was born at Colchester, Conn., Oct. 12, 1813, and died at Chicago, June 25, 1896. He studied law in Georgia, was admitted to the bar, and settled in Belleville, 111., where he was elected to the state legislature, became secretary of state, and in 1848 was elevated to the bench of the Illinois supreme court. In 1854 he was elected to Congress, and in the following year became a member of the United States senate. During and after the Civil War he was a prominent Republican, acting earnestly with that party, favoring the abolition of slavery, but opposing the impeachment of President Johnson. He subsequently supported the Democratic party, and in 1880 was Democratic candidate for the governorship of Illinois.

Trump'et, a musical wind-instrument, of great antiquity. In its modern form it is a tube eight feet long, having a bell-shaped end and doubled in a long curve, about three feet long, and is played from a mouthpiece. It has a range of over two octaves. It has been used in war, and is a common instrument in military bands.

THE EAR-TRUMPET is an instrument which collects the waves of sound and carries them to the ear, thus enabling a deaf person to hear better. The small end is placed at the ear and the large end is open to the air or placed at the mouth of the person speaking.

THE SPEAKING-TRUMPET is a straight tube with a mouthpiece, which collects the soundwaves, so that the voice of a person speaking into it is louder, and the sound is carried farther.

Trumpet-Flower, a popular name for a vine with a woody stem and clusters of scarlet- flowers shaped like a trumpet It grows xo a great height and very rapidly, and is found in the central and southern states of the Union, where it is often called trumpet-creeper. Other varieties from China, Japan, Australia and South