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TOLEDO

Z92Z

TOMATO-WORM

only one approach on the land-side, which is defended by an inner wall built by Wamba, the Gothic king, in the yth century and by an outer wall built by Alfonso VI in 1109, both remarkable for the number and beauty of their towers and gates. In the middle of the city rises the high cathedral, surrounded by many churches and convents. This superb cathedral, built in 1492 on the site of a Moorish mosque, though plundered in 1521 and 1808, is remarkable still for its stained glass, sculptured choir and gilded metal pulpits. The famous Toledo blades known in the time of Livy, who wrote about them, were so perfectly tempered that they were sometimes curled up like watch springs and packed in boxes. The Moors captured Toledo in 714; it became a part of Castile in 1085, In the heyday of its careei it is said to have sheltered 200,000 people. Toledo also is a province, with an ares of 5,919 square miles and a population of 376,814. Population of city 23,317.

Toledo, O., was organized in 1833 by the union of the villages of Port Lawrence and Manhattan. It is on both sides of Maumee River, near its mouth, and covers nearly 30 square miles. There are points in and about Toledo of historic interest. Anthony Wayne, Wm, H. Harrison, Commodore Perry, General Proctor and the Indian chiefs Pontiac, Little Turtle and Tecumseh made Toledo and the Maumee valley of interest to students of history. In 1910 there were only 2Q cities in the United States with a larger population. Toledo ranks third in population in Ohio, and is destined to become a great commercial center. It is at the southwestern extremity of Lake Erie, and is, therefore, the natural lake-port for the trade and commerce of the Ohio and Mississippi region, including the greatest corn-gi owing belt in the world, the oil and coal helds of Ohio and Indiana, the salt, lumber and iron of Michigan. The Ford Plate-Glass works, the Libby Glass factory, the National Malleable Castings Company, the oil-refineries, the automobile factory of the American Bicycle Company and the Craig Ship-yards are some of Toledo's leading industries There are about 40 million dollars invested in the city's manufactures, which have an annual yield of about $45,000,000. Pop., 168,497.

Toledo is a city of beautiful homes. It has a fine system of parks and boulevards; its street-car system, 26 railroads and steamboat and electric lines give rapid transit to all parts of the country. Its modern school-system is among the best in the United States. It was organized in 1898 upon the federal plan of government. The city supports a fine public library, Toledo University, two high schools, a city normal school, manual-training schools for high school and elementary departments,

40 primary and grammar schools; enrolls 22,000 pupils; and employs about 500 teachers. Population estimated at 184,740. Tolstoi (tol'stoi}, Count Leo (or Lyof) Nikolaivitch, an eminent Russian novelist and social reformer, was born at Yasnaia Poli-ana in the government of Tula on Aug. 28, 1828, and was educated at the University of Kasan (Russia in Europe). Early in life he was a soldier, and served in the army in the Caucasus and in the Crimea, where he was present at the battle of the Tchernaya and at the storming of Sebastopol by the allied forces. This experience enabled him to write with such graphic force not only his narrative on Sebastopol, but his tale of Napoleon's invasion of Russia, entitled War and Peace. Anna Karenina, a tale of guilty passion, placed him among the masters "of fiction. This was followed by a number of works which have earned for him the title of the Prophet of Renunciation, and led him to lead the life of an anchorite, toiling on his land with his own hands, sharing his crust with the humblest, in rigid obedience to Christian precept. He was an uricui^ mising opponent of coercive government and a bitter arraigner ot modern society. His other writings embrace My Religion, Resurrection, the Kreutzer Sonata, Master and Man, My Life, My Confession, Patriotism ana Christianity, The Christian Teaching, The Kingdom of God Within, The Four Gospels Harmonized and Translated, What is Religion and The End of the Age, See Ward's Gospel of Count Tolstoi in Prophets of the Nineteenth Century. Died Nov. 20, 1910. Tol'tecs. See MEXICO. Toma'to, a favorite vegetable or fruit (popularly called love-apple) which ranks perhaps next to the potato in the extent of its consumption. It is a native of the warmer regions of the American continent and is raised largely as a canned vegetable for table-use. It is grown best in a sandy, well-fertilized soil; and may be grown from seed or from cuttings. If from seed, the tomato should be raised under glass and later transplanted to field or garden, care being taken to guard the plant from frosts, The plants while maturing should be supported on stakes or wire-trellis to keep the fruit from the ground and remove danger from rotting.

Tomato-Worm. See TOBACCO-WORM.

COUNT LEO TOLSTOI