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TELEUTOSPORE

1886

TEMPEST

instruments permit the use of a magnifying power of from 2,000 to 3,000.

The reflecting telescope is little used and can therefore not be discussed within the limits of this article. Since, however, the reflector is interesting from a historical point of view, the student will do well to consult chapter vi. of Miss Clerke's History of Astronomy.

Teleutospore (te-lu'td-spor) (in plants), a peculiar asexual spore which is developed by the rusts, which are parasitic fungi. Wheat-rust is a common example. The name refers to the fact that these spores are the last spores of the season which appear on the mycelium. As they must endure through the winter, they have very heavy walls and hence they usually are very dark to completely black. Often they are called winter-spores. In wheat-rust the teleuto-spores form the so-called black rust which appears on the stubble. See ^CIDIOMY-

CETES.

Tell, William, according to Swiss story, was a patriot who in the i4th century rescued his native district from the tyranny of Austria. Albert I of Austria was trying to annex the forest-cantons, and was represented there by his bailiff, Gessler, whose rule was very cruel. Among other acts of tyranny Gessler placed the ducal hat of Austria on top of a long pole in the marketplace of Altdorf, and gave orders that no one should pass without uncovering his head. Tell and his little "boy one day took no notice of the hat and were dragged before the bailiff. Knowing Tell's reputation as 16 crossbowman, Gessler ordered him to shoot an apple from his son's head, and told him that if he missed it he should die. To the wonder of all, he hit the apple without injuring the boy. But Gessler noticed a second arrow in the bowman's girdle, and asked what he had meant to do with it. "To have shot you, had I killed my son" was the answer. He was at once seized, but escaped on his way to prison, and soon after shot Gessler through the heart. Then followed the great war of the Swiss against Austria, lasting from 1307 to 1499. Tell is said to have been drowned in 1350 while trying to save a friend during a great flood in Schachen River. In 1387 Tell's chapel was built in his memory. How much of this famous story of Tell is true is not known. Schiller used the story in his drama of William Tell.

Tel'ler, Henry Moore, United States senator, lawyer and Republican politician, was born at Granger, Allegany County, N. Y., May 23, 1830, and educated at Rushford Academy and Alfred University (LL.D. 1886). On studying law and being admitted to the bar, he practiced in Illinois, then removed to Colorado, where he was elected to the United States senate, and was secretary of the interior in President Arthur's

cabinet (1882-5). Since 1885 he has continued to represent his state in the United States senate, but is now politically a Democrat, having in 1896 withdrawn from the national Republican convention at St. Louis in that year in consequence of the financial plank in its platform adverse to free silver.

Temiskaming, Lake, on upper Ottawa River (Ontario!, is attracting much attention. One million acres of excellent arable land have been surveyed and are open for settlement. The district is well watered by Blanche, Montreal and Wabbi Rivers and their tributaries. Thousands of settlers have already taken locations. Temiskaming Railway passes through the district. It runs through the rich silver-deposits of Cobalt (q. v,). The town of Cobalt is on the line. Haileybury, only three miles distant and situated on the lake, also is on the railway. The present terminus of the railway (government-owned) is Englehart, 138 miles from North Bay, on White River.

Tempe (tem'pe), Vale of, a narrow valley or gorge, about four and a half miles long, in the northeast of Thessaly, between Mounts Olympus and Ossa. The Peneus flows through it. The classic poets praise it for its matchless beauty, and travelers to-day speak of the wild grandeur of its scenery.

Tem'perance. See TOTAL ABSTINENCE.

Tem'perature. The following statements from Maxwell's classical volume on The Theory of Heat put the matter as clearly and concisely as, perhaps, is possible.

"Definition of Temperature.— The temperature of a body is its thermal state considered with reference to its power of communicating heat to other bodies.

Definition of Higher and Lower Temperature.—-//, when two bodies are placed in thermal communication, one of the bodies loses heat and the other gains heat, that body which gives out heat is said to have a higher temperature than that whick receives heat from it.

Corollary.— If, when two bodies are placed in thermal communication, neither 6t   them loses or gains heat, the two bodies are said *<» have  equal  temperatures   or  the   same  tew* perature.

Law of Equal Temperatures.— Bodies whose temperatures are equal to that of thb same body themselves have equal temperatures" See THERMOMETER.

Tem'pest, The, a play by Shakespeare, was first acted in 1610. It seems to have been written for private performance, being a third shorter than his average plays. It has been suggested that its present form is an abridgement by Beaumont about 1613, for rendition at the wedding of Princess Elizabeth. It seems to be one of Shakespeare's latest works, first printed in the folio of 1623. Its sources principally are