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STURGEON FALLS

1842

SUCHAU

enter the sea. A sturgeon of the Pacific coast reaches a weight of 600 pounds, but the largest of all inhabit rivers flowing into the Caspian and Black Seas. They are known as kurso, and reach a length of 25 feet and a weight of nearly 3,000 pounds. The sturgeon's air-bladder is the principal source of isinglass and the roe of caviar.

Sturgeon Falls, Can., on Sturgeon River, Nipisstng District, New Ontario, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific. The water-power at this point has been, developed to 10,000 horse-power. The pulp and Eaper mills of the Imperial Paper-Mills ompany are here. They employ 1,500 hands. The nickel-belt extends within a few miles of the town. A refining and reducing plant is being erected. Extensive saw-mills are here, and the fishing industry is important. Population 3,500.

Stuttgart (stoot'gdri), a city of Germany, is the capital of Wurttemberg. It is about two miles from Neckar River and 127 southeast of Frankfort, and is surrounded by hills, which are covered with vineyards,

Gardens and beautiful houses. Near Palace quare, in the center of the city, are the old castle, belonging to the i6th century, the new palace, the theater, academy, the jubilee column (1841), a statue of Schiller and the railroad-station, which is one of the finest in Germany. There are a famous polytechnic school, a conservatory of music, a museum and art-gallery and the royal library of over 500,000 volumes, including a fine collection of 7,000 Bibles. Stuttgart has one of the largest book-trades in Germany, and manufactures beer, pianos, chemicals, chocolate and furniture. Its fairs for the sale of books, hops, cloth and horses are celebrated. It has been the capital of Wurttemberg since 1842. Population 285,589.

Stuyvesant (stlfve-sant)t Peter, the last Dutch governor of New York, was born in Holland in 1592. He was in the army in the West Indies, became governor of Curacoa, and lost a leg in the attack on St. Martin. He was made director-general 'of the New Netherlands, as the country was then called, in 1646. He was conciliatory toward the Indians and just toward his subjects; but,-when a convention demanded that "no new laws should be enacted but with the consent of the people," Stuyvesant commanded the separation of the assembly, saying: "We derive our authority from God and the Company, and not from a few ignorant subjects." Jn 1650 he helped to decide the boundaries between the Dutch and English possessions, and in 1655 took the region around the Delaware from the Swedish settlers. When the English war-ships in 1664 appeared before New Amsterdam (New York), he was obliged to yield to the will of the people and surrendered the city, the treaty being

(a) Style. (b) Stigma, the ovary.

signed on Sept. 4, 1664, in Stuyvesant's house on his farm, known as the Great Bowerie, from which the Bowery in New York received its name. He lived 18 years after the surrender on his farm, where he died in August of 1612. See History of New York by Martha J. Lamb and Knickerbocker's History of New York by Washington Irving.

Style (in plants), that part of a carpe which rises from the ovary as a more or less elongated beak, and bears the stigma. It relates the stigma properly to pollination. It usually is a slender cylindrical body, but it often is much modified in form, as in the common iris or flag, in which it resembles a small petal. In case the style is lacking, the stigma is said to be sessile on See FLOWER.

Stylites (stlfllft^z)^ Simeon, a member of a class of hermits who spent their lives on pillars (Greek styletes). He was the founder of the order, and lived in the beginning of the 5th century, lie was a Syrian monk and spent nine years in a monastery^ without stirring from his cell. Then, in his desire for holiness, he ascended a pillar near Antioch, where he spent 30 years. The pillar was 72 feet high and only four feet square on the top. His fame brought crowds of pilgrims, to whom he preached, making many converts from paganism. He died on his pillar in 459, when 72 years old, and was buried with great pomp at Antioch. Other monks followed his example down to the 12th century.

Styx (stiks), in Greek mythology, is one of the rivers of the lower world, around which it flows seven times. Charon ferries the souls of the dead over this stream. It is named from the nymph Styx, the daughter of Oceanus, who first came to the help of Zeus against the Titans. Sub'marine' Nav'iga'tion. See TORPEDO. Subsoil is the soil below the surface-material which has undergone chemical change by weathering (see SOILS) and may contain humus, making it darker than the subsoil. Subsoiling is deep plowing to bring up the lower soil that has not been exhausted by cropping. Its mineral food cannot become available until decomposed by weathering-agents (see NITROGEN-GATHERING CROPS). The weathering process goes on slowly, and land has been greatly injured by bringing up too much at once. Subsoiling should go on at the rate of about half an inch a year till a depth of nine or ten inches is reached.

Suchau (soo'chou'), one of the largest cities in China, is 50 miles northwest of Shanghai, on the imperial canal. It is built on islands separated by canals. It is a center of silk-manufacture and print-